An experimental study of the mechanism of action of <i>vibrio choleræ</i> on the intestinal mucous membrane

De, S. N.; Chatterje, D. N.

doi:10.1002/path.1700660228

Cited by 493 publications

(197 citation statements)

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“…Surgery was done under anaesthesia [35 mg ketamine (kg body wt) À1 and 5 mg xylazine (kg body weight) À1 ; Sigma] given intravenously. The ileal loop procedure was that described by De & Chatterjee (1953). Briefly, the intestine was brought out through a mid-line incision in the abdomen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytotoxic and cell vacuolating activity of Vibrio fluvialis isolated from paediatric patients with diarrhoea

Chakraborty

et al. 2005

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Vibrio fluvialis is a halophilic Vibrio species associated with acute diarrhoeal illness in humans. It has the potential to cause outbreaks and has an association with paediatric diarrhoea. In this study, 11 V. fluvialis strains isolated from hospitalized patients with acute diarrhoea at the Infectious Diseases Hospital, Kolkata were extensively characterized. All the strains showed growth in peptone broth containing 7 % NaCl. The strains showed variable results in Voges-Proskauer test and to a vibriostatic agent. There was also variation in their antibiograms, and some of the strains were multidrug resistant. Among the 11 strains, two showed only a single band difference in their PFGE profile and the remaining strains showed nine different PFGE patterns. However, unlike PFGE, the strains exhibited close matches and clustering in their ribotype patterns. The haemolytic effect on sheep red blood cells varied with strains. Partial sequence analysis revealed that the V. fluvialis haemolysin gene has 81 % homology with that of the El Tor haemolysin of Vibrio cholerae. A striking finding was the capability of all the strains to evoke distinct cytotoxic and vacuolation effects on HeLa cells. INTRODUCTIONDuring the late 1970s, a previously unidentified group of vibrios was isolated from diarrhoeic stools of infants, children and young adults in Bangladesh (Huq et al., 1980). These vibrios were designated 'group F' vibrios in England (Furniss et al., 1977) and 'CDC group EF6' in the USA (Huq et al., 1980). Taxonomic studies concluded that these organisms represented a new species, and they were designated as Vibrio fluvialis (Lee et al., 1981).The distribution of V. fluvialis is worldwide (McNicol et al., 1980;Thekdi et al., 1982) and this organism is not only isolated from human diarrhoeal cases (Huq et al., 1980;Tacket et al., 1982;Thekdi et al., 1982;Hickman-Brenner et al., 1984;Klontz et al., 1994;Hodge et al., 1995) but also from marine and estuarine environments (Seidler et al., 1980;Lee et al., 1981;Morris & Black, 1985). There are reports of food poisoning caused by this organism (Kobayashi & Ohnaka, 1989;Thekdi et al., 1990), especially due to consumption of raw shellfish (Levine & Griffin, 1993). V. fluvialis is also associated with extraintestinal infections (Yoshii et al., 1987;Albert et al., 1991). The clinical symptoms of the disease include mild to moderate dehydration, vomiting, fever, abdominal pain and diarrhoea (Seidler et al., 1980). The halophilic V. fluvialis (Lee et al., 1981;Lockwood et al., 1982) phenotypically resembles Aeromonas species (Seidler et al., 1980) and taxonomically lies between Aeromonas and Vibrio species (Thekdi et al., 1990). Among the halophilic vibrios, it has close similarity to V. furnissii, but, unlike V. fluvialis, V. furnissii is aerogenic in nature (Brenner et al., 1983).Since V. fluvialis enteritis is reported infrequently, the epidemiology of this infection is not adequately understood. There is very little information available on the virulence factors associated wit...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytotoxic and cell vacuolating activity of Vibrio fluvialis isolated from paediatric patients with diarrhoea

Chakraborty

et al. 2005

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…However, isolation of pathogenic V. cholerae from the environment is often limited by the lack of a suitable technique to selectively enrich pathogenic strains from the vast majority of nonpathogenic strains normally found in the environment. Several animal models, including infant mice and adult rabbits, have been used to assay for colonization and diarrheagenic ability of clinical and environmental isolates of V. cholerae (11)(12)(13). In this study, we show that environmental V. cholerae strains with virulence potential are selectively enriched in the rabbit intestine from the majority of genetically diverse nonpathogenic strains.…”

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confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity and virulence potential of environmental Vibrio cholerae population in a cholera-endemic area

Faruque

Chowdhury

Kamruzzaman

et al. 2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

181

168

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To understand the evolutionary events and possible selection mechanisms involved in the emergence of pathogenic Vibrio cholerae, we analyzed diverse strains of V. cholerae isolated from environmental waters in Bangladesh by direct enrichment in the intestines of adult rabbits and by conventional laboratory culture. Strains isolated by conventional culture were mostly (99.2%) negative for the major virulence gene clusters encoding toxincoregulated pilus (TCP) and cholera toxin (CT) and were nonpathogenic in animal models. In contrast, all strains selected in rabbits were competent for colonizing infant mice, and 56.8% of these strains carried genes encoding TCP alone or both TCP and CT. Ribotypes of toxigenic O1 and O139 strains from the environment were similar to pandemic strains, whereas ribotypes of non-O1 non-O139 strains and TCP ؊ nontoxigenic O1 strains diverged widely from the seventh pandemic O1 and the O139 strains. Results of this study suggest that (i) the environmental V. cholerae population in a cholera-endemic area is highly heterogeneous, (ii) selection in the mammalian intestine can cause enrichment of environmental strains with virulence potential, (iii) pathogenicity of V. cholerae involves more virulence genes than currently appreciated, and (iv) most environmental V. cholerae strains are unlikely to attain a pandemic potential by acquisition of TCP and CT genes alone. Because most of the recorded cholera pandemics originated in the Ganges Delta region, this ecological setting presumably favors extensive genetic exchange among V. cholerae strains and thus promotes the rare, multiple-gene transfer events needed to assemble the critical combination of genes required for pandemic spread.

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“…The standard curve regression equation was generated from the curve. The amount of GbpA secreted from V. cholerae in adult rabbit intestine was determined using the ileal loop method, as reported previously (De et al, 1953); 10 8 c.f.u. of V. cholerae N16961 in 1 ml PBS was inoculated in a 10 cm loop.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vibrio cholerae GbpA elicits necrotic cell death in intestinal cells

Mandal

Chatterjee

2016

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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An experimental study of the mechanism of action of vibrio choleræ on the intestinal mucous membrane

Cited by 493 publications

References 3 publications

Cytotoxic and cell vacuolating activity of Vibrio fluvialis isolated from paediatric patients with diarrhoea

Cytotoxic and cell vacuolating activity of Vibrio fluvialis isolated from paediatric patients with diarrhoea

Genetic diversity and virulence potential of environmental Vibrio cholerae population in a cholera-endemic area

Vibrio cholerae GbpA elicits necrotic cell death in intestinal cells

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