An experimental review of open heavy flavor and quarkonium production at RHIC

Tang, Z.; Zha, W.; Zhang, Yifei

doi:10.1007/s41365-020-00785-8

“…In high-energy collisions, it is interesting for us to describe the excitation and equilibrium degrees of an interacting system because of the two degrees related to the reaction mechanism and evolution process of the collision system [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. In the progress of describing the excitation degree and structure character of the system, temperature is an important quantity in physics in view of intuitiveness and representation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Initial- and Final-State Temperatures of Emission Source from Differential Cross-Section in Squared Momentum Transfer in High-Energy Collisions

Wang

¹

,

Liu

²

,

Olimov

³

2021

Advances in High Energy Physics

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The differential cross-section in squared momentum transfer of ρ , ρ 0 , ω , ϕ , f 0 980 , f 1 1285 , f 0 1370 , f 1 1420 , f 0 1500 , and J / ψ produced in high-energy virtual photon-proton ( γ ∗ p ), photon-proton ( γ p ), and proton-proton ( p p ) collisions measured by the H1, ZEUS, and WA102 Collaborations is analyzed by the Monte Carlo calculations. In the calculations, the Erlang distribution, Tsallis distribution, and Hagedorn function are separately used to describe the transverse momentum spectra of the emitted particles. Our results show that the initial- and final-state temperatures increase from lower squared photon virtuality to a higher one and decrease with the increase of center-of-mass energy.

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“…The final-state products are naturally various kinds of particles. Indeed, understanding the characteristics of particle productions is particularly necessary for researchers to study the evolution of collision system and interactions among various particles [78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85]. By studying the particle spectra, this paper has extracted some quantities.…”

Section: B Tendencies Of Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal freeze-out parameters and pseudo-entropy from charged hadron spectra in high energy collisions

Zhang,

Gao,

Liu

et al. 2021

Preprint

0

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We collected the transverse momentum (mass) spectra of charged hadrons (π − , π + , K − , K + , p, and p) produced in collisions over a center-of-mass energy range from 2.70 to 200 GeV (per nucleon pair). The modified Tsallis-Pareto-type function (the TP-like function) with average transverse flow velocity is used to describe the contribution of participant or constituent quarks to transverse momentum of considered hadron. The experimental spectra of π ∓ and K ∓ (or p and p) are fitted by the convolution of two (or three) TP-like functions due to the fact that two (or three) constituent quarks are regarded as two (or three) energy resources in the formation of considered hadron. From the reasonable fits to the spectra, the thermal freeze-out parameters are extracted, and the pseudo-entropy is newly defined and extracted. Some parameters quickly change in the energy range of less than 7.7 GeV, and slowly change in the energy range of greater than 7.7 GeV, indicating the variation of collision mechanism at around 7.7 GeV.

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“…Understanding the characteristics of particle productions is very necessary for researchers to study the evolution of collision system and interactions among various particles. [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] The p T spectrum of direct (prompt) photons is very wide, which distributes in a range from 0 to above 1000 GeV/c in some cases. In different p T regions, the forms of spectrum may be different.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Understanding the characteristics of particle productions is very necessary for researchers to study the evolution of collision system and interactions among various particles. [ 30–37 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Energy Independent Scaling of Transverse Momentum Spectra of Direct (Prompt) Photons from Two‐Body Processes in High‐Energy Proton–Proton Collisions

Zhang

¹

,

Gao

²

,

Liu

³

et al. 2022

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Transverse momentum spectra of direct (prompt) photons from two-body processes in high-energy proton-proton (p+p) collisions are analyzed in this paper. The experimental invariant cross-sections are collected at mid-rapidity in p+p collisions measured by the UA6, CCOR, R806, R110, PHENIX, NA24, CMS, ALICE, and ATLAS Collaborations over a center-of-mass energy range from 24.3 GeV to 13 TeV. In fitting the data, different kinds of functions are used which include the revised Tsallis-Pareto-type function (the TP-like function) at the particle level, the convolution of two TP-like functions at the quark level, and the root-sum-of-squares of two revised Tsallis-like functions in which the quark chemical potentials 𝝁 i = 𝝁 B ∕3 or 𝝁 i = 0, where 𝝁 B is the baryon chemical potential. The values of three main free parameters have been extracted: the effective temperature T, power index n 0 (or entropy index q), and correction index a 0 . After analyzing the changing trends of the parameters, it is found that T, q, and a 0 increase and n 0 decreases with the increase of collision energy. Based on the analyses of transverse momentum spectra, an energy independent scaling, that is, the x T scaling, is obtained.

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An experimental review of open heavy flavor and quarkonium production at RHIC

Cited by 47 publications

References 176 publications

Initial- and Final-State Temperatures of Emission Source from Differential Cross-Section in Squared Momentum Transfer in High-Energy Collisions

Initial- and Final-State Temperatures of Emission Source from Differential Cross-Section in Squared Momentum Transfer in High-Energy Collisions

Thermal freeze-out parameters and pseudo-entropy from charged hadron spectra in high energy collisions

An Energy Independent Scaling of Transverse Momentum Spectra of Direct (Prompt) Photons from Two‐Body Processes in High‐Energy Proton–Proton Collisions

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