An experimental investigation on the effect of rock strength and perforation size on sand production

Hydro-mechanical erosion models for sand production

“…Therefore, the sand production is indeed proportional to the flow rate under the Eqn (7); that is, if we were to calibrate the model for a certain reference value of Q, then we can predict sand production for other values of the flow rate. In Papamichos et al [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28], it is argued that this proportionality is supported (very) approximately by experiment. Nonetheless, considering the data of Papamichos et al [13] in scaled time t/τ suggests that this is too approximate and possibly not entirely correct, in the sense that different Q curves (for the same external stress) do not visibly collapse to each other at an acceptable level.…”

“…The critical fluid flow rate, that onsets the phenomenon, is a function of (a) the viscosity of the permeating fluid, (b) the permeability of the rock formation and (c) the formation strength properties. Most numerical models deal with the coupling of the physical processes by attempting to link failure to plastic yielding through the assumption that the post peak strength is an appropriate condition for sand production and tie solids production to a mobilised critical strain level, which is determined by laboratory or field data . The use of this criterion requires a calibration study of every specific field or laboratory case.…”

Sand production during the extrusion of hydrocarbons from geological formations: A review

“…Large cavities (boreholes) fail in compression and small cavities (perforations) may fail in compression or tension, depending on the material properties (Hall and Harrisberger, 1970;Bratli and Risnes, 1981). Fattahpour et al (2012) conducted sand production experiments on diesel fuel movement in hollow 30 cm high and 15 cm diameter synthetic sandstone samples and checked the effect of hole size on sand production by changing the hole size from 0.1 to 0.2 cm. According to their experimental results, low strength rock is less sensitive to hole size for sand production, while hole size greatly influences stronger rocks, and higher stress levels are required for sand production for smaller holes (Fig.…”

“…Effect of applied stress on sand production (Nouri et alEffect of material strength on sand production (refer toFattahpour et al (2012)). …”

An experimental investigation of dynamic elastic moduli and acoustic velocities in heterogeneous carbonate oil reservoirs

“…These dynamic elastic properties should be then converted to the conventional static rock elastic properties in which an empirical relation is usually utilized [3,9,10,12,16,21,25]. The static rock elastic moduli are used to determine the formation strength parameters (UCS, friction angle, tensile strength), in situ stresses magnitudes, well completion design, reservoir subsidence modelling, borehole stability, wellbore breakouts characterization, fracture pressure prediction, anisotropy parameters and building a geomechanical model [11,15,17,18,35,36]. Even though it should be mentioned that for some rocks like flint [2], shear velocity showed no or poor correlation with their mechanical properties like UCS.…”