“…This effect was more dominant at the lowest flow rate and diminishes as the flow rate increases. Greig et al [7,8] showed that at the lowest flow rate, the buoyancy effects dominated the flow in the channel and as the flow rate was increased, the buoyancy contribution diminished Comparing the heated and unheated flows at the highest flow rate, the almost identical energy distribution in the lower modes indicates that inertial effects dominate the lower modes up to mode 20. The energy contribution from the buoyancy-induced flow was mainly restricted to the higher modes with low relative energy differences.…”