An experimental investigation of the cognitive vulnerability to depression

Singer, Alisa R.; Dobson, Keith S.

doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.05.007

Cited by 115 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Dimensional approaches to psychopathology and the use of a categorical system of discrete clinical diagnoses are not necessarily mutually exclusive: both can be used to construct a threshold mode of disease (Kendell & Jablensky, 2003), and help building staging and profiling models that can guide clinical decision making (Hetrick et al 2008;McGorry & van Os, 2013). Future studies will have to show whether the presence of lifetime or current psychotic experiences warrant modification of standard antidepressant treatments such as the addition of cognitive skills training or metacognitive training to psychotherapeutic approaches (Singer & Dobson, 2007;Barahmand et al 2008;Moritz et al 2011) and the addition of antipsychotics to antidepressants (Farahani & Correll, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subclinical psychotic experiences and bipolar spectrum features in depression: association with outcome of psychotherapy

Wigman

Abidi

et al. 2013

Psychol. Med.

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Background. Subthreshold psychotic and bipolar experiences are common in major depressive disorder (MDD). However, it is unknown if effectiveness of psychotherapy is altered in depressed patients who display such features compared with those without. The current paper aimed to investigate the impact of the co-presence of subclinical psychotic experiences and subclinical bipolar symptoms on the effectiveness of psychological treatment, alone or in combination with pharmacotherapy.Method. In a naturalistic study, patients with MDD (n = 116) received psychological treatment (cognitive behavioural therapy or interpersonal psychotherapy) alone or in combination with pharmacotherapy. Depression and functioning were assessed six times over 2 years. Lifetime psychotic experiences and bipolar symptoms were assessed at the second time point.Results. Subclinical psychotic experiences predicted more depression over time (β = 0.20, p < 0.002), non-remission [odds ratio (OR) 7.51, p < 0.016] and relapse (OR 3.85, p < 0.034). Subthreshold bipolar symptoms predicted relapse (OR 1.16, p < 0.037).Conclusions. In general, subclinical psychotic experiences have a negative impact on the course and outcome of psychotherapy in MDD. Effects of subclinical bipolar experiences were less prominent.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subclinical psychotic experiences and bipolar spectrum features in depression: association with outcome of psychotherapy

Wigman

Abidi

et al. 2013

Psychol. Med.

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“…Participants were instructed to listen to Prokofiev's Alexander Nevsky: Russia under the Mongolian Yoke played at half speed (Rowe, Hirsh, & Anderson, 2007) and to recall three experiences that made them feel lonely, rejected, defeated, or hurt (Singer & Dobson, 2007). Immediately after they had finished listening to the music, participants were instructed to watch a video clip in order to increase their emotional engagement and to maintain their sad mood (Jallais & Gilet, 2010).…”

Section: Sad Mood Inductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do you remember your sad face? The roles of negative cognitive style and sad mood

Caudek¹,

Monni²

2013

Memory

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We studied the effects of negative cognitive style, sad mood, and facial affect on the self-face advantage in a sample of 66 healthy individuals (mean age 26.5 years, range 19Á47 years). The sample was subdivided into four groups according to inferential style and responsivity to sad mood induction. Following a sad mood induction, we examined the effect on working memory of an incidental association between facial affect, facial identity, and head-pose orientation. Overall, head-pose recognition was more accurate for the self-face than for nonself face (self-face advantage, SFA). However, participants high in negative cognitive style who experienced higher levels of sadness displayed a stronger SFA for sad expressions than happy expressions. The remaining participants displayed an opposite bias (a stronger SFA for happy expressions than sad expressions), or no bias. These findings highlight the importance of trait-vulnerability status in the working memory biases related to emotional facial expressions.

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“…Beyond rumination, metacognition and attitudes related to rumination and negative experiences have been shown to be important etiological factors in depression Wells 2001, 2003). Metacognition refers to the aspect of the information processing system that monitors and exerts control over thoughts and emotions (Singer and Dobson 2007). One aspect of metacognition concerns metacognitive appraisals that one makes in the context of rumination and negative thoughts (Papageorgiou and Wells 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among individuals with mood or anxiety disorders, instructions to accept one's experiences as they are (which also included a rationale to accept one's experiences) have been found to result in lower negative affect and decreased heart rate in response to emotional film clips, as compared to suppression (Campbell-Sills et al 2006). Mindful acceptance, on the other hand, has been found to be more effective than rumination in reducing negative affect among previously depressed (Singer and Dobson 2007) and currently depressed individuals (Huffziger and Kuehner 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because mindfulness and reappraisal emphasize different ways of relating to internal experiences, they may differentially impact one's metacognitive styles and beliefs. Singer and Dobson (2007) distinguished among three types of metacognitive styles. Positive metacognitive appraisal about rumination (or positive beliefs about rumination) refers to the belief that repeated thinking or ruminating about problems is beneficial and can lead to solution of the problems (Papageorgiou and Wells 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Mindful Acceptance and Reappraisal Training on Maladaptive Beliefs About Rumination

2016

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The present study examined the relative effects of mindful acceptance and reappraisal on metacognitive attitudes and beliefs in relation to rumination and negative experiences. A small but growing literature has compared the effects of these strategies on immediate emotional experience, but little work has examined the broader, metacognitive impact of these strategies, such as maladaptive beliefs about rumination. One hundred and twenty-nine participants who reported elevated symptoms of depression were randomly assigned to receive brief training in mindful acceptance, reappraisal, or no training prior to undergoing an autobiographical sad mood induction. Participants rated their beliefs in relation to rumination and negative experiences before and after instructions to engage in mood regulation. Results showed that relative to reappraisal or no training, training in mindful acceptance resulted in greater decreases in maladaptive beliefs about rumination. The study suggests that training in mindful acceptance promotes beneficial changes in metacognitive attitudes and beliefs relevant to depression, and contributes to a greater understanding of the mechanisms through which mindfulness-based interventions lead to positive outcomes.

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An experimental investigation of the cognitive vulnerability to depression

Cited by 115 publications

References 20 publications

Subclinical psychotic experiences and bipolar spectrum features in depression: association with outcome of psychotherapy

Subclinical psychotic experiences and bipolar spectrum features in depression: association with outcome of psychotherapy

Do you remember your sad face? The roles of negative cognitive style and sad mood

Effects of Mindful Acceptance and Reappraisal Training on Maladaptive Beliefs About Rumination

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