An experimental investigation of the density and thermal expansion of advanced materials and heat-transfer agents of liquid-metal systems of fusion reactor: Lead-lithium eutectic

Abstract

The method of penetrating gamma-rays is used to measure the density of eutectic alloy of the Pb-Li system in the condensed state in the temperature range from 360 to 880 K. The confidence error of the experimental results is 0.4% and 0.3% for the solid and liquid phases, respectively. The experimental results for the density of lead-lithium eutectic are used to calculate the thermal expansion in the investigated temperature range. The investigation results are compared with the available literature data on the thermal properties of Pb-Li eutectic in the solid and liquid phases.

Volumetric properties of near-eutectic liquid Li–Pb alloys

“…3. In the studied range, the density of the melt linearly depends on temperature: from [19] (where the measurement is also performed by gamma method) is slightly higher than the dependence obtained in the present work for the alloy of the same composition. The difference is 0.45 % close to the liquidus temperature and reaches 0.7 % at 1000 K. In principle, these differences do not exceed the total errors of the measurements.…”

“…of the liquid sample homogeneity was not carried out. Probably, the lead content in the lower part of the melt column investigated in [19] was slightly higher than the average value, which has led to a small overestimation of the obtained density values.…”

“…The difference is 0.45 % close to the liquidus temperature and reaches 0.7 % at 1000 K. In principle, these differences do not exceed the total errors of the measurements. However, it should be noted that in the experiments [19], a gamma ray beam passed near the bottom of the cell, the investigated melt was not mixed up before the measurements, and the control The results of the present work (1,2), the results of the works [19] (3), [20] (4), [21] (5), [22] (6). of the liquid sample homogeneity was not carried out.…”

Experimental Qualification of New Instrumentation for Lead-Lithium Eutectic in IELLLO Facility

“…LLE density has been used in the conversion of the flow rate measured by the Vortex flow meter from m 3 /h to kg/s. The error associated to LLE density has been considered 0.3% [7]. After having propagating the error, the average percentage error for the converted mass flow rate is about 0.32% of the average of the converted values.…”

Experimental and RELAP5-3D results on IELLLO (Integrated European Lead Lithium LOop) operation

“…Table 1 shows the mass flow rates as a function of the pump speed. The reported values were converted from the Vortex flow rate in m 3 /h to kg/s by means of the density correlation proposed by Stankus et al [8].…”