An experimental investigation of crumb rubber concrete confined by fibre reinforced polymer tubes

Optimisation of rubberised concrete with high rubber content: An experimental investigation

“…Chemical analysis of mixes D and O (Figure 14a-b) shows that no Zinc (Zn) was present on the rubber surface (or in the entire concrete sample). Zinc is often suspected to be a cause of rubber hydrophobicity [41].…”

“…It has been reported that zinc stearate (used to extend tyre service life in many developing countries) increases rubber hydrophobicity and leads to a porous and weak rubber-cement interface [41]. To improve rubber-cement paste chemical/physical bonding [18], several rubber pre-treatments have been investigated such as washing with water [21,35,42], polyvinyl alcohol [43], NaOH [13,41,44,45], Ca(OH) 2 [46], silane coupling agents [47], organic sulphur compounds [48] or acid [40], as well as partial oxidation of the rubber surface [49], exposure to UV radiations [50] or pre-coating with cement [51], mortar [26], silica fume [39], limestone [52] or sand [45].…”

“…To improve rubber-cement paste chemical/physical bonding [18], several rubber pre-treatments have been investigated such as washing with water [21,35,42], polyvinyl alcohol [43], NaOH [13,41,44,45], Ca(OH) 2 [46], silane coupling agents [47], organic sulphur compounds [48] or acid [40], as well as partial oxidation of the rubber surface [49], exposure to UV radiations [50] or pre-coating with cement [51], mortar [26], silica fume [39], limestone [52] or sand [45]. Despite some success in rubber pre-treatments (strength increase in the range of 3-40% [18,26,41,51,52]), results are often scattered and inconclusive, particularly when mixes with pre-treated rubber are not compared to mixes with as-received rubber [35,42]. The effects of the pre-treatments on the concrete hydration reaction and long term durability have not been investigated.…”

Enhancing Strength Properties of Rubberized Concrete using Waste Cement Sacks

“…An approach to negating the drop in strength at the addition of rubber to concrete is through confinement. Several confinement methods and strengthening techniques for reinforced concrete structures have been reported [9], [10], [11], [12], [13] but all these techniques may not be within the reach of the ordinary poor citizen [12]. Aside the strengthening methods being expensive, the technical know-how of using these strengthening methods may not be available to the impoverished non-literate citizens.…”

Highly Deformable Energy-Dissipating Reinforced Concrete Elements in Seismic Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures

“…[4], [5], [6], [7], [8] and [9]. The current research aims at enhancing seismic resistance of buildings through simple models and techniques with the use of highly deformable energy-dissipating reinforced concrete elements made of FRP-confined reinforced rubberised concrete.…”