An experimental evaluation of the methodology proposed for the monitoring and certification of CO2 emissions from heavy-duty vehicles in Europe

Fontaras, Georgios; Grigoratos, Theodorοs; Savvidis, Dimitrios; Αναγνωστοπουλοσ, Κωνσταντινοσ; Luz, Raphael; Rexeis, Martin; Hausberger, Stefan

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2016.02.076

Cited by 49 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The combustion rate then increased again at faster speeds to overcome increasing wind resistance. Fontaras et al [14] also studied the GHGs emitted from HDD in Europe and found a 24 % higher GHG emission from HDD compared to other sources of GHGs emission. Data are shown as the mean±1SD, derived from five independent vehicles.…”

Section: Results and Discussion 1) Co 2 Emission From Diesel Engine mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of CO2 Emissions from Vehicles in Thailand

2017

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Emission of carbon dioxide (CO2), a greenhouse gas, from typical passenger vehicles in Thailand was investigated using a chassis dynamometer in the Automotive Emission Laboratory. The vehicle running method was controlled under the standard Bangkok driving cycle. CO2 emissions were measured at three different speeds for the following four vehicle types commonly used in Thailand: heavy duty diesel (HDD), light duty diesel (LDD), and light duty gasoline (LDG) vehicles and motorcycles (MC). HDD vehicles had the highest average CO2 emission rate, followed by LDD, LDG and MC at 1,198.8±93.1, 268.4±21.3, 166.1±27.7 and 42.5±6.1 g km-1, respectively; all values were significantly different (p < 0.05) from each other. The effect of different fuel types, including diesel, gasoline 91, gasohol 95, gasohol 91, liquid petroleum gas (LPG) and natural gas for vehicles (NGV), on the CO2 emission level was also compared. HDD vehicles had a higher rate of CO2 emission when using either NGV or diesel, while LDD vehicles emitted more CO2 with diesel than with NGV. For LDG vehicles, more CO2 was emitted with gasohol 91 than with gasohol E20, LPG or NGV. Finally, MC had a higher average CO2 emission rate with gasohol 95 than with gasoline 91 and gasohol 91 at any vehicle speed. The CO2 emission rates obtained in this study can be used as a basis to create a database that supports development of an efficient transportation management system and reduced vehicular emission of greenhouse gases in Thailand.

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Section: Results and Discussion 1) Co 2 Emission From Diesel Engine mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of CO2 Emissions from Vehicles in Thailand

2017

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“…The VECTO calculates the fuel consumption in liters per 100 km and the fuel consumption per ton-kilometer transported, as well as the CO 2 emissions. The program can affect the fuel efficiency of the fleet, due to its thorough analysis of fuel consumption in various vehicle configurations [176][177][178][179].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Computer Tool for Modelling CO2 Emissions in Driving Cycles for Spark Ignition Engines Powered by Biofuels

Tucki¹

2021

Energies

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A driving cycle is a record intended to reflect the regular use of a given type of vehicle, presented as a speed profile recorded over a certain period of time. It is used for the assessment of engine pollutant emissions, fuel consumption analysis and environmental certification procedures. Different driving cycles are used, depending on the region of the world. In addition, drive cycles are used by car manufacturers to optimize vehicle drivelines. The basis of the work presented in the manuscript was a developed computer tool using tests on the Toyota Camry LE 2018 chassis dynamometer, the results of the optimization process of neural network structures and the properties of fuels and biofuels. As a result of the work of the computer tool, the consumption of petrol 95, ethanol, methanol, DME, CNG, LPG and CO2 emissions for the vehicle in question were analyzed in the following driving tests: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA US06 and EPA USSC03); Supplemental Federal Test Procedure (SFTP); Highway Fuel Economy Driving Schedule (HWFET); Federal Test Procedure (FTP-75–EPA); New European Driving Cycle (NEDC); Random Cycle Low (×05); Random Cycle High (×95); Mobile Air Conditioning Test Procedure (MAC TP); Common Artemis Driving Cycles (CADC–Artemis); Worldwide Harmonized Light-Duty Vehicle Test Procedure (WLTP).

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“…There are many physical emission models, such as VECTO [86], CMEM [24], GEM [87], MOVES [25]; Autonomie (and PSAT which is the former version of Autonomie) [26], AVL Cruise [88], Advisor [27] and PHEM [28]. These tools have been used for heavy-duty vehicle performance analysis in a number of studies [29], [30], [93], [33], [34], [57], [64], [89]- [92]. Autonomie has been used most frequently among these tools.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing alternative heavy-duty drivetrains based on GHG emissions, ownership and abatement costs: Simulations of freight routes in British Columbia

Lajevardi

Axsen

Crawford

2019

Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment

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Heavy-duty trucks (HDTs) are vital in delivering products to the consumers around the world and help maintain the quality of life. However, they are heavily depending on fossil diesel use, which causing global climate change as well as local air pollutions. Although they represent a small percentage of vehicle population, they emit more than 30% of GHGs in road transportation or 5% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Furthermore, GHG emissions from this sector are expected to steadily grow due to economic growth, globalization, industrialization, online shopping, and fast delivery expectations. This study was focused on the Canadian province of British Columbia (BC) as a case study where HDTs are responsible for more than 4% of total provincial GHGs. BC, along with many regions around the world, has been committed to reduce its GHG emissions by 80% below 2007 levels by 2050. The goal of this study was to evaluate the potential of meeting this objective for BC HDTs using alternative drivetrain technologies. First, a component-level model was developed in Matlab to compute on-road energy consumption and CO2 emissions of compressed natural gas and diesel HDTs based on their physical parameters (e.g. mass) over several selected drive cycles. Results of the first contribution indicated a compressed natural gas (CNG) drivetrain emits 13-15% fewer GHG than a comparable diesel. Road grades of several main BC routes were included in the drive cycle simulations, which is an important factor that can increase the fuel consumption and CO2 emission by as much as 24% relative to a flat route assumption. In the second contribution, the physical energy consumption model was extended to compare 16 diverse drivetrain technologies, including a pure battery electric. The comparison metrics were also extended to well-to-wheel GHG emissions, total ownership costs (TOC) (including infrastructure), and abatement costs (based on incremental TOC cost over GHG emissions reduction), and cargo capacity impacts. The 16 considered drivetrains were distinguished by their fuel types, combustion technology, drivetrain architecture, and connection to the electricity grid (e.g. catenary vs fast charging stations). Next, the activity data of 1,616 HDTs operating in BC with sparse recording intervals was used to select 6 representative freight routes with different ranges of 120-950 km split into short and long haul routes. A combination of filtering and interpolation techniques was used to develop 1-Hz drive cycles compatible with the level of plug-in hybrid adoption. It was found infrastructure density increases the probability of meeting the 2050 target on both short and long haul HDTs. However, the increase in the probability is much higher for the short haul segment. Among various infrastructure roll-out scenarios, rapid deployment of hydrogen fueling stations was found to have the highest positive impact on GHG emissions reduction for both short and long haul markets. Both battery electric and hydrogen fuel cell drivetrains can succeed in...

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An experimental evaluation of the methodology proposed for the monitoring and certification of CO2 emissions from heavy-duty vehicles in Europe

Cited by 49 publications

References 12 publications

Comparison of CO2 Emissions from Vehicles in Thailand

Comparison of CO2 Emissions from Vehicles in Thailand

A Computer Tool for Modelling CO2 Emissions in Driving Cycles for Spark Ignition Engines Powered by Biofuels

Comparing alternative heavy-duty drivetrains based on GHG emissions, ownership and abatement costs: Simulations of freight routes in British Columbia

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