An experimental and theoretical study of butyl methacrylate<i>in situ</i>radical polymerization kinetics in the presence of graphene oxide nanoadditive

Michailidis, Marios; Verros, George D.; Deliyanni, Eleni A.; Andriotis, Eleftherios G.; Achilias, Dimitris S.

doi:10.1002/pola.28512

Cited by 17 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 64 publications

(96 reference statements)

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“…Figure 4 it is clear that addition of the neat nanoclay results in a slight reduction of the polymerization rate compared to neat PS. This has been also observed in literature and is attributed to the fact that nano-clay may act as a radical scavenger resulting in slightly reduced radical concentrations and as a result to slightly lower conversion values [44,45].…”

Section: Polymerization Kineticssupporting

confidence: 81%

Effect of Na- and Organo-Modified Montmorillonite/Essential Oil Nanohybrids on the Kinetics of the In Situ Radical Polymerization of Styrene

et al. 2021

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The great concern about the use of hazardous additives in food packaging materials has shown the way to new bio-based materials, such as nanoclays incorporating bioactive essential oils (EO). One of the still unresolved issues is the proper incorporation of these materials into a polymeric matrix. The in situ polymerization seems to be a promising technique, not requiring high temperatures or toxic solvents. Therefore, in this study, the bulk radical polymerization of styrene was investigated in the presence of sodium montmorillonite (NaMMT) and organo-modified montmorillonite (orgMMT) including thyme (TO), oregano (OO), and basil (BO) essential oil. It was found that the hydroxyl groups present in the main ingredients of TO and OO may participate in side retardation reactions leading to lower polymerization rates (measured gravimetrically by the variation of monomer conversion with time) accompanied by higher polymer average molecular weight (measured via GPC). The use of BO did not seem to affect significantly the polymerization kinetics and polymer MWD. These results were verified from independent experiments using model compounds, thymol, carvacrol and estragol instead of the clays. Partially intercalated structures were revealed from XRD scans. The glass transition temperature (from DSC) and the thermal stability (from TGA) of the nanocomposites formed were slightly increased from 95 to 98 °C and from 435 to 445 °C, respectively. Finally, better dispersion was observed when orgMMT was added instead of NaMMT.

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Section: Polymerization Kineticssupporting

confidence: 81%

Effect of Na- and Organo-Modified Montmorillonite/Essential Oil Nanohybrids on the Kinetics of the In Situ Radical Polymerization of Styrene

et al. 2021

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“…The diffraction pattern shows characteristic PCL peaks at 2θ = 21.3° and 23.6° for pristine PCL, which correspond to (110) and (200) crystallographic planes, respectively [54]. No GO diffraction peaks can be seen for the analyzed PCL/GO samples with different GO loadings, indicating that adding GO has no significant effect on the crystal structure of the PCL matrix [51,55,56,57] and does not significantly affect the XRD patterns, except for a slight increase in the crystallinity of the PCL/GO hybrids, similar to the effect observed by DSC and FT-IR. The lack of GO diffraction peaks could be attributed to the proper dispersion of GO nanosheets within the PCL matrix, as reported in previous studies [58,59].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology, Crystallinity, and Molecular Weight of Poly(ε-caprolactone)/Graphene Oxide Hybrids

et al. 2019

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A study was carried out to determine the effects of graphene oxide (GO) filler on the properties of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) films. A series of nanocomposites were prepared, incorporating different graphene oxide filler contents (0.1, 0.2, and 0.5 wt%) by the solution mixing method, and an in-depth study was made of the morphological changes, crystallization, infrared absorbance, molecular weight, thermal properties, and biocompatibility as a function of GO content to determine their suitability for use in biomedical applications. The infrared absorbance showed the existence of intermolecular hydrogen bonds between the PCL’s carbonyl groups and the GO’s hydrogen-donating groups, which is in line with the apparent reduction in molecular weight at higher GO contents, indicated by the results of the gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and the thermal property analysis. Polarized optical microscopy (POM) showed that GO acts as a nucleating point for PCL crystals, increasing crystallinity and crystallization temperature. The biological properties of the composites studied indicate that adding only 0.1 wt% of GO can improve cellular viability and that the composite shows promise for use in biomedical applications.

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“…Graphite Oxide was prepared from the oxidation of graphite powder according to the Hummers method. Details can be found elsewhere [21,25,32].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This work is a continuation of our previous studies on the effect of adding either GO or F-GO on the polymerization kinetics of styrene or n-butyl methacrylate [21,25,32]. The aim of this research was to investigate both theoretically and experimentally the in-situ bulk free radical copolymerization of n-butyl methacrylate with styrene in the presence of several amounts of either graphene oxide or functionalized graphene oxide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

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Effect of Graphene oxide or Functionalized Graphene Oxide on the Copolymerization Kinetics of Styrene/n-butyl Methacrylate

et al. 2019

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Nanocomposite materials based on copolymers of styrene and n-butyl methacrylate with either graphene oxide (GO) or functionalized graphene oxide (F-GO) were synthesized using the in-situ bulk radical copolymerization technique. Reaction kinetics was studied both experimentally and theoretically using a detailed kinetic model also taking into account the effect of diffusion-controlled phenomena on the reaction kinetic rate constants. It was found that the presence of GO results in lower polymerization rates accompanied by the synthesis of copolymers having higher average molecular weights. In contrast, the presence of F-GO did not seem to significantly alter the conversion vs time curves, whereas it results in slightly lower average molecular weights. The first observation was attributed to side reactions of the initiator primary radicals with the hydroxyl groups on the surface of GO, resulting in lower initiator efficiency, whereas the second to grafted structures formed from copolymer macromolecules on the F-GO surface. The copolymerization model predictions including MWD data were found to be in satisfactory agreement with the experimental data. At least four adjustable parameters were employed and their best-fit values were provided.

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An experimental and theoretical study of butyl methacrylatein situradical polymerization kinetics in the presence of graphene oxide nanoadditive

Cited by 17 publications

References 64 publications

Effect of Na- and Organo-Modified Montmorillonite/Essential Oil Nanohybrids on the Kinetics of the In Situ Radical Polymerization of Styrene

Effect of Na- and Organo-Modified Montmorillonite/Essential Oil Nanohybrids on the Kinetics of the In Situ Radical Polymerization of Styrene

Morphology, Crystallinity, and Molecular Weight of Poly(ε-caprolactone)/Graphene Oxide Hybrids

Effect of Graphene oxide or Functionalized Graphene Oxide on the Copolymerization Kinetics of Styrene/n-butyl Methacrylate

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