An experimental and kinetic modeling study of n-butanol combustion

Characterisation of flame development with ethanol, butanol, iso-octane, gasoline and methane in a direct-injection spark-ignition engine

“…The laminar burning velocity has been measured for a range of hydrocarbon and alcohol fuels for various conditions by Gülder [20,21], Metghalchi and Keck [22] and Bradley et al [23] among others. More recently, results have been reported by Gu et al [24] for methane, by Liao et al [25] and Bradley et al [26] for ethanol, by Al-Shahrany et al [27] for iso-octane, by Jerzembeck et al [28] for gasoline, by Gu et al [29] and Sarathy et al [30] for butanol, and by Beeckmann et al [31,32] for most of these fuels. A large database of fuel structure effects was also produced by Farrell et al [33]; these authors reported data derived from thermodynamic analysis of the pressure rise from explosions in a combustion vessel (typically at 3 bar, 450 K), following the approach of Metghalchi and Keck [22].…”

“…However, the differences between [34] and [22] were very small around stoichiometry for iso-octane at engine-like conditions, as can be seen in Table 4; nevertheless, the data of [34] confirm iso-octane's marginally lower laminar burning velocity at engine-like conditions than ethanol's (of the order 1 cm/s). Butanol laminar velocity data have only very recently become available [29][30][31][32]43]; these have reported ~10% lower values than ethanol at atmospheric pressure but very similar or marginally higher values at higher pressures for the same temperatures. Specifically, Gu et al [29,43] reported values of laminar burning velocity between 0.45-0.5 m/s for similar temperatures to those at ignition timing of the current study.…”

An analysis of spray development with iso-octane, n-pentane, gasoline, ethanol and n-butanol from a multi-hole injector under hot fuel conditions

“…Other alkyl alcohols have also been suggested as possible Gasoline bio-components and recent studies have focused on their fundamental combustion properties. A typical example of this kind is Butanol [5]. The longer hydrocarbon chain of Butanol makes it relatively non-polar and less miscible in water.…”

Autoignition of Butanol Isomers at Low to Intermediate Temperature and Elevated Pressure

“…Refs. [3][4][5][6][7], but data are scarcer for the isomers. There has been only one study of the ignition delay of the isomers, conducted in a shock tube at high temperature and relatively low pressure 8 .…”