An expedient approach to enhance Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction by infrared irradiation using palladacycle compounds

Abstract

An alternative and environmentally friendly strategy to promote the Mizoroki-Heck cross-coupling reaction by the use of infrared irradiation using palladacycles as precatalysts is reported. Coupling products are obtained in high yield and short reaction time. A comparison with the classical use of reflux conditions, and commercial sources of palladium complexes, shows the advantages of this new alternative for promoting coupling reactions.

Simultaneous infrared-ultrasound irradiation in organic synthesis: Acylation of amines, alcohols and amino alcohols

“…IR reactions were irradiated at the wavelength of 1100 nm (9.09 cm -1 ) using a home-made device adapted with a THERA-TERM OSRAM infrared bulb of 250 W/125 V and a capacitor to control temperature. [52] Ultrasound experiments were carried out in a Cole Parmer 500W/115V instrument with temperature control and with an irradiation frequency of 20 KHz. For SIUI IR and US, instruments were used: IR at 10 cm from the reaction vessel and employment a rheostat at 80%; US with 1.4 cm of the probe horn located in the reaction mixture and 50% of amplitude, Fig.…”

Assessment of amination reactions via nucleophilic aromatic substitution using conventional and eco-friendly energies

“…made device as reported previously (11). Ultrasound experiments were carry out in a Cole Parmer (500 W/ 115 V) equipment with an irradiation frequency of 20 KHz.…”

Infrared Irradiation: Toward Green Chemistry, a Review

“…The authors highlight this report as the first time NIR was used for this purpose. The results obtained indicate that NIR can be considered an excellent, economical and accessible alternative to promote this coupling reaction, showing advantages such as short reaction times and good yields, facilitating access to a clean, simple and economic methodology comparable to those involving microwaves ( Scheme 39 ) [ 7 ].…”

“…Thus, MW, US and MM, under controlled conditions, are invaluable technologies with enormous applications in academic and industrial research. However, the successful use of these methodologies is limited by requiring access to specific and expensive equipment [ 7 ]. Consequently the goal of this Review is to offer an overview of works where IR has been successively employed, and sometimes in comparison with other technics; for example, microwaves are quite useful and appear quicker than IR; however, in general, the difference is not significantly important and occasionally this is not the case.…”