“…The use of onerous administrative or civil measures, which substantially restrict individual's autonomy and de facto criminalise an individual's behaviour and exclude unwanted and already marginalised groups from public spaces (which has occurred not only in Italy but also in other European countries, see Peršak, 2017a), has been viewed as an example of popular punitiveness and protection of the public from feeling negative emotions (Peršak, 2017b). This misuse of measures has also been interpreted as a feature of the pre-crime society (Pleysier, 2015(Pleysier, , 2017 and of Garland's (2001) 'culture of control' (Devroe, 2012;Devroe et al, 2016).…”