An Exceptional Case of Complete Septate Uterus With Unilateral Cervical Aplasia (Class U2bC3V0/ESHRE/ESGE Classification) and Isolated Mullerian Remnants: Combined Hysteroscopic and Laparoscopic Treatment

Robert's uterus: modern imaging techniques and ultrasound‐guided hysteroscopic treatment without laparoscopy or laparotomy

“…Some authors classify this anomaly in the same group of complex anomalies as unilateral and bicornuate uterus with a cavitated non‐communicating horn. However, the ESHRE‐ESGE classification describes this anomaly as a complete septate uterus with partial cervical aplasia, however no explanation is given for diagnosing ‘unilateral cervical aplasia’. In the case we describe here, the cervix on speculoscopy, manual examination and ultrasound imaging looked completely normal (Figure ).…”

“…a blind uterine horn (predominantly with unilateral hematometra), a contralateral unicornuate uterine cavity and normally shaped external uterine fundus. We demonstrated clearly the presence of Robert's uterus using modern ultrasound imaging techniques and managed the case without laparoscopy or laparotomy; Robert's uterus is managed typically via laparotomy and total horn resection or endometrectomy of the blind cavity, abdominal metroplasty or by combining hysteroscopy/laparoscopy.…”

“…Three‐dimensional coronal ultrasound images with HDLive rendering mode (a,c) and results of speculoscopy (b,d) in a case of Robert's uterus (a,b) and unicornuate uterus (c,d). Unilateral cervical aplasia should be present in Robert's uterus and unicornuate/hemiuterus, according to the classification of ESHRE‐ESGE; however, the cervix looks normal in both cases (a–d), demonstrating the embryological/anatomical paradox of ESHRE‐ESGE cervix classification and the theory of cervix development in these two cases. BHC, blind hemicavity; CHC, communicating hemicavity (low quality of endometrium and cavity imaging); EI, external lateral indentation; IS, isthmus; RH, rudimentary horn without cavity.…”

“…Robert's uterus is an exceptionally rare form of congenital uterine anomaly, first described in 1969 and with only a few cases reported so far. It is defined as a septate uterus with a non‐communicating hemicavity, i.e.…”

Pregnancy in a blind hemi-cavity of Robert’s uterus with ipsilateral renal agenesis: a case report and literature review

“…Classification of Robert’s uterus is debatable. The European Society of Human Reproduction and the Embryology–European Society for Gynecological Endoscopy classification system describe Robert’s uterus as a rare anomaly under a complete septate uterus with unilateral cervical aplasia (class U2bC3V0), 8 without explaining the cause of unilateral cervical aplasia. 2 Therefore, Ludwin et al.…”