An excellent rechargeable PP₁₄TFSI ionic liquid dual-ion battery

Abstract

An ionic liquid dual-ion battery with pure 1-butyl-1-methylpiperidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide as the electrolyte was developed, which exhibited a high discharge plateau initiated at 4.4 V, a well-defined capacity of 82 mA h g, an ultrawide charge/discharge potential range of 1.0-5.0 V and a superior stability of ∼100% capacity retention for 600 cycles.

A Dual‐Ion Battery with a Ferric Ferricyanide Anode Enabling Reversible Na+ Intercalation

“…As can been seen, after resting for 110 h, the battery still maintains higher discharge plateaus within 0.7–1.1 V, and the capacity retention is up to 63.6%. It can be mentioned that the resting capacity decay is as low as 0.32% h −1 , far below that of the reported dual‐ion cells …”

“…Figure c presents the rate performance of DIBs, where average discharge capacities of 73.6, 58.6, 40.9, and 12.5 mAh g −1 at 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 mA cm −2 are obtained, respectively. It should be noted that even at a lower current of 0.05 mA cm −2 , cells still exhibit a high CE of 98.5% (±0.1%); at a high rate of 0.4 mA cm −2 , cells display an even higher CE of 99.9% (±0.1%), outperforming many of the reported DIBs . This could be attributed to the relatively high bonding force between Na + and FeFe(CN) 6 in the Na x FeFe(CN) intercalation compound, leading to a low self‐discharge rate.…”

“…As shown in Table S1, Supporting Information, at 50 mA g −1 , the Al‐graphite dual‐ion cell based on 1.0 m LiPF 6 /EC‐EMC‐DMC electrolyte displays a lower CE of 85% . A DIB with a soft carbon anode and 1.0 m NaPF 6 /EC‐DMC electrolyte has a 76% CE at 200 mA g −1 , and a dual‐graphite battery with pure PP 14 TFSI ionic liquid electrolyte exhibits a 66% CE at 30 mA g −1 . Interestingly, the CE varies with the charge–discharge current, and a higher current results in an increased CE .…”

A Hybrid Electrolytes Design for Capacity‐Equivalent Dual‐Graphite Battery with Superior Long‐Term Cycle Life

“…[6][7][8][9][10] Actually, in 1990s, the model of dual-graphite intercalation battery has been introduced, [2] in which, simultaneously, anion/cation guests can intercalate into graphite-based cathode/anode respectively, and the output voltage of the cell can be provided by the redox potential gap between the pair of amphoteric GIC processes. [6,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17] Compared with conventional Li-ion batteries, the most outstanding advantages of dual-graphite energy storage devices can be summarized as: (I) high output voltage; (II) environmental safety; (III) cost benefits. have been in the focus of researches.…”

“…[6,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17] Compared with conventional Li-ion batteries, the most outstanding advantages of dual-graphite energy storage devices can be summarized as: (I) high output voltage; (II) environmental safety; (III) cost benefits. [12,14,[16][17][18][19] Unfortunately, as for the cation-GIC process hosted on graphite anode in IL electrolyte, although the inner degradation mechanism has not been clearly illustrated, the irreversible behavior can be ascribed to the unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) protective film and/or harmful cointercalation of large solvent cation (Pyr 14 + , EMI + , etc.). [6,12] Owning to their high stability versus electrochemical oxidation, the employment of ionic liquids (ILs) based electrolytes can efficiently restrain the related cathodic degradation, which is well proved within the graphite/Li (anion-GIC) half-cell.…”