“…In contrast to the mixed results in language arts, the effects of DBP on achievement outcomes in other domains have been predominantly positive. For example, many studies have found positive DBP effects on academic achievement in science (Braund, 1999;Dorion, 2009;Francis, 2007;Kase-Polisini & Spector, 1994;Sloman & Thompson, 2010;Warner & Andersen, 2004), foreign language acquisition (Bournot-Trites, Belliveau, Spiliotopoulos, & Seror, 2007;Erdman, 1991;Shacker, Juliebö, & Parker, 1993), and math achievement (Fleming, Merrell, & Tymms, 2004;Kayhan, 2009;Walker, Tabone, & Weltsek, 2011), among others. Though not as prevalent as other achievement areas, studies measuring 21st-century skills-such as creativity, collaboration, and communication-as designated by Partnership for 21st Century Skills ( 2009) also present a mixed picture.…”