An Examination of the Sequence of Intersecting Seal and Laser Printing Toner Line

Li, Biao; Ouyang, Guoliang

doi:10.1111/1556-4029.13283

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Questioned documents were examined using two microscopes, a commercially available microscope manufactured by Zeiss and the microscope of this study. The parameters and operating conditions of the SteREO Discovery.V20 stereomicroscope (Carl Zeiss MicroImaging GmbH, Tuttlingen, Germany) are described . The laser fluorescence microscope (ZMSX‐05B; Hefei Xinyuan Intelligent Instrument Company, Hefei, Anhui, China) developed in this study is equipped with software designed by the author.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, a micro‐fluorescence analysis technology was reported , and this method was proved by Chinese document examination experts to be the most efficient and scientifically rigorous method of examination of the sequence in which seals and toners are applied to the paper. However, during the process of case identification, it was found that the toners exhibited a variety of morphologies and the fluorescence of stamp seals exhibits differences in wavelength and intensity, causing the intersection between seals and toners to exhibit various complex appearances leading to difficulty in document examination.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Determination of the Sequence of Intersecting Lines Between Toners and Seals by Laser Fluorescence Microscope

Fang

2019

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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Fluorescence microscope is considered to be one of the most effective ways to examine the sequence of intersecting seal and toner lines of questioned documents. In reality, however, the toner (mainly divided into compact and noncompact toners) and seal of a questioned document have such a complex morphology and sequence of crossing lines that current methods cannot meet the requirement of practical document identification. In view of the challenges of document examination, a laser fluorescence microscope and method are developed in this study. The developed microscope provides additional functionality to traditional fluorescence microscopes of transmitted light modality, laser excitation, selectable excitation wavelength, and selectable fluorescence filters. The results obtained from the method of comparisons between transmitted light and fluorescence modalities were positive under most conditions, particularly for noncompact toner examination for which a 100% accuracy rate and 90% detection rate were achieved in blind testing.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Determination of the Sequence of Intersecting Lines Between Toners and Seals by Laser Fluorescence Microscope

Fang

2019

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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“…In the second intersection type, stamp-pad ink stamped first then the toner printed over it. All ink samples stamped using seals under the same conditions and by the same person to overcome the variations in the normal pressure [10].…”

Section: Specimen Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Determination the sequence of intersecting strokes consist of stamp-pad inks and toner is taken place depending on the difference in the composition between stamp-pad ink and toner, furthermore, modification the later ink due to the existence of the first ink [10]. The investigation by the digital microscope concentrate on some visual properties exist in both stamp-pad ink and toner and the effect of their intersection on these properties, therefore the following physical characteristics were studied under the digital microscope [13]:…”

Section: Under the Digital Microscopementioning

confidence: 99%

“…With respect to some documents have a signature such as checks, ratified contracts, receipts, identity documents, office paperwork, invoices and agreements, a signature perhaps is not enough and the document is often required to stamped after the person reads and agrees on the content of the document [10]. The documents created by printing technology and have stamps are growing and increased significantly nowadays.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physical Distinguishable of Heterogeneous Overlapping Resulting from Stamp-pad and Laser Printing Inks

et al. 2019

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D ETECTING the arrangement of intersecting stamp-pad ink and the toner of laser printing strokes is an excellent method of examining the documents originality. In this study, different six brands of stamp-pad inks, toner of five laser printers of various brands and models, three types of paper surfaces, two kinds of seal materials and three methods of seal manufactures were utilized to produce the samples of heterogeneous intersecting strokes. A combination of the microscopic method as a digital microscope and analytical instrumental technique as Raman spectroscopy were performed to determine the arrangement of intersecting strokes. The digital microscope succeeds in the detection of the arrangement of intersecting strokes of some stamp-pad inks and fails in detection the others depending on their brands and colors through notation four physical properties at intersection point the specular reflection, the ink and toner glosses, gaps and spreading. The Raman spectroscopy determined the ink or toner stamped or printed later by comparison the spectra of pure ink, toner, and their intersections and succeeds in detection all samples through the spectral data such as peak location and peak intensity. The combination of a digital microscope and Raman spectroscopy which applied successfully discriminates the arrangement of intersecting strokes of toner and all brands of stamp-pad inks regardless of their brands and color.

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Variability of stamp impression measurements under different apposition conditions

Rulli

Marquis

Fürbach

et al. 2019

Forensic Science International

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When a forensic document examiner obtains differences in size measurements between a questioned and reference stamp impressions, it may be difficult to assess whether such findings might be due to the use of the same stamp in different apposition conditions or are due to the use of different stamps. To address this issue, the present work has studied the variability of size measurements of stamp impressions apposed in various (pressure, humidity and temperature) conditions. Different stamps were also used to evaluate the influence of the fabricant, the matrix (photopolymer or rubber) and the inking type (selfinking and handstamp). While statistical tests sometimes indicated differences in the results, the measurement distributions overlapped for all kind of conditions (same stamps, different stamps), except for the two stamps produced by different manufacturers. Based on the findings of this study, a difference above 0.09 cm would support the hypothesis that two different stamps were used to produce the impressions. However, size differences below 0.09 cm were also encountered for impressions made using different stamps. The maximal size difference was actually measured for two stamps produced by different manufacturers (up to 0.29 cm).

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An Examination of the Sequence of Intersecting Seal and Laser Printing Toner Line

Cited by 15 publications

References 6 publications

Determination of the Sequence of Intersecting Lines Between Toners and Seals by Laser Fluorescence Microscope

Determination of the Sequence of Intersecting Lines Between Toners and Seals by Laser Fluorescence Microscope

Physical Distinguishable of Heterogeneous Overlapping Resulting from Stamp-pad and Laser Printing Inks

Variability of stamp impression measurements under different apposition conditions

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