“…BDA ( C ) refers to the combination of tools, techniques, and processes for integrating structured, semi-structured, and unstructured data from different sources into processable information as a basis for decision-making ( Biswas and Sen, 2016 , Dubey et al, 2021 , Er Kara, Oktay Fırat, & Ghadge, 2020 , Ivanov et al, 2019 ). A company’s ERP and CRM systems, machines, and cloud platforms, as well as external sources (e.g., web and social media pages) can therefore be leveraged ( Araz et al, 2020 , Choi et al, 2018 , Meriton, Bhandal, Graham, & Brown, 2020 ). Scholars have empirically proven that BDA supports SCRES and consider this technology a core element of future I4.0 SCRES initiatives ( Dubey et al, 2021 , Engelseth and Wang, 2018 , Ivanov and Dolgui, 2020a ).…”