An examination of the differential effects of the experience of DSM-IV defined traumatic events and life stressors

Lancaster, Steven L.; Melka, Stephen E.; Rodriguez, Benjamin F.

doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2009.02.010

Cited by 48 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Rather, their STS levels increased with current stresses (e.g., a heavy trauma caseload), less professional expertise, and younger age. In a student sample, the association of previous trauma with PTSD decreased after controlling for other psychological factors (Lancaster, Melka, & Rodriguez, 2009). The inconsistency suggested the importance of the impact of current stress factors, in relation to the nature of traumatic events, on PTSD symptoms (Creamer & Liddle, 2005).…”

Section: Risk Factors As Previous Trauma Trauma Stressors and Negatmentioning

confidence: 98%

Positive traits versus previous trauma: racially different correlates with PTSD symptoms among hurricane katrina‐rita volunteers

Ai¹,

Plummer²,

Kanno³

et al. 2011

Journal Community Psychology

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Section: Risk Factors As Previous Trauma Trauma Stressors and Negatmentioning

confidence: 98%

Positive traits versus previous trauma: racially different correlates with PTSD symptoms among hurricane katrina‐rita volunteers

Ai¹,

Plummer²,

Kanno³

et al. 2011

Journal Community Psychology

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“…People who have experienced events of an interpersonal nature show significantly higher levels of PTSD symptoms than those who have experienced other types of events (Lancaster et al 2009). Bullying is an interpersonal event, and there are many salient aspects of children's development that may make repeated bullying experiences especially harmful.…”

Section: Bullying and Ptsd Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bullying and PTSD Symptoms

Idsøe

Dyregrov

Idsoe

2012

J Abnorm Child Psychol

161

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PTSD symptoms related to school bullying have rarely been investigated, and never in national samples. We used data from a national survey to investigate this among students from grades 8 and 9 (n = 963). The prevalence estimates of exposure to bullying were within the range of earlier research findings. Multinomial logistic regression showed that boys were 2.27 times more likely to be exposed to frequent bullying than girls. A latent variable second-order model demonstrated an association between frequency of bullying exposure and PTSD symptoms (beta = 0.49). This relationship was not moderated by gender. However, the average levels of PTSD symptoms as well as clinical range symptoms were higher for girls. For all bullied students, 27.6% of the boys and 40.5% of the girls had scores within the clinical range. A mimic model showed that youth who identify as being both a bully and a victim of bullying were more troubled than those who were victims only. Our findings support the idea that exposure to bullying is a potential risk factor for PTSD symptoms among students. Future research could investigate whether the same holds for PTSD through diagnostic procedures, but this will depend on whether or not bullying is decided to comply with the DSM-IV classification of trauma required for diagnosis. Results are discussed with regard to their implications for school interventions.

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“…En otros estudios que han considerado una gama más reducida de EPT (p.ej., se han excluido los eventos de recibir noticias de heridas graves, enfermedad potencialmente mortal y/o muerte inesperada o violenta de un allegado), las cifras han sido más bajas (52% a 74%) (Amir y Sol, 1999;Bedard-Gilligan y Zoellner, 2008;Bernat, Ronfeldt, Calhoun y Arias, 1998;Ehlai y Simons, 2007;Goodman, Corcoran, Turner, Yuan y Green, 1998;Green et al, 2000;Kirk y Dollar, 2002;Lancaster, Melka y Rodríguez, 2009;Long et al, 2008;Owens y Chard, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Diversos estudios han presentado datos sobre el riesgo condicional del TEPT (porcentaje de casos entre los que han sufrido algún EPT o evento traumático). Los datos han sido muy divergentes (5.7%-31.1%), debido a los diferentes eventos considerados, a los criterios empleados para definir el TEPT (ha sido frecuente omitir el criterio A2 y el criterio F de interferencia), al método de evaluación utilizado (cuestionario, entrevista diagnóstica) y/o al tipo de muestra considerada (Amir y Sol, 1999;Bedard-Gilligan y Zoellner, 2008;Bernat et al, 1998;Ehlai y Simons, 2007;Frazier et al, 2009;Gold et al, 2005;Lancaster et al, 2009;Lawler et al, 2005;Watson y Haynes, 2007). Así, Martín y de Paúl (2004) hallaron un riesgo del 28.8% con personas que habían sufrido situaciones traumáticas graves.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Los datos sobre prevalencia del TEPT (porcentaje de casos entre todos los participantes, hayan sufrido eventos traumáticos o no) también han sido muy variables en los distintos estudios (3.9%-13.1%) debido, asimismo, a las razones apuntadas al hablar del riesgo condicional (Amir y Sol, 1999;Bedard-Gilligan y Zoellner, 2008;Bernat et al, 1998;Ehlai y Simons, 2007;Frazier et al, 2009;Gold et al, 2005;Lancaster et al, 2009;Watson y Haynes, 2007). En el único estudió que tuvo en cuenta todos los criterios del DSM-IV, se halló una prevalencia actual del 6.6% (Bedard-Gilligan y Zoellner, 2008) 1 .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Traumatic experiences and posttraumatic stress disorder in Spanish university students

2012

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Resumen: El presente estudio se propuso estudiar en universitarios la ocurrencia de diferentes eventos traumáticos y el riesgo condicional y prevalencia actual de probable trastorno por estrés postraumático (TEPT). Cuatrocientos treinta y dos universitarios contestaron un cuestionario de eventos traumáticos y una escala de TEPT. El 60.6% de la muestra había experimentado algún evento traumático. El evento más frecuente fue la muerte violenta o inesperada de alguien cercano. Los peores eventos fueron la muerte de seres queridos y el padecimiento de violencia física o sexual. El riesgo condicional de probable TEPT fue 8.6% y la prevalencia actual, 5.2%. Estos datos son, con toda probabilidad, una sobrestimación de los verdaderos valores, debido probablemente al hecho de haber utilizado cuestionarios en vez de una entrevista estructurada, pero indican que aunque la experiencia de eventos traumáticos es frecuente, la inmensa mayoría de las personas que los padecen se sobreponen a los mismos. Palabras clave: trauma; eventos traumáticos; trastorno por estrés postraumático; universitarios.Title: Traumatic experiences and posttraumatic stress disorder in Spanish university students. Abstract: The aim of this study was to analyze in college students the occurrence of different traumatic events, as well as the conditional risk and current prevalence of probable posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Four hundred and thirty two college students completed a questionnaire concerning traumatic experiences, as well as a scale of PTSD. Of the sample, 60.6% had experienced a traumatic event. The most common was the violent or unexpected death of loved ones. The death of loved ones and suffering from physical or sexual violence were the worst events. The conditional risk of probable PTSD was 8.6% and the current prevalence, 5.2%. These data are probably an overestimate of the true values, probably due to having used questionnaires rather than a structured interview, but indicate that although the experience of traumatic events is common, the vast majority of people exposed to these events overcome them.

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An examination of the differential effects of the experience of DSM-IV defined traumatic events and life stressors

Cited by 48 publications

References 36 publications

Positive traits versus previous trauma: racially different correlates with PTSD symptoms among hurricane katrina‐rita volunteers

Positive traits versus previous trauma: racially different correlates with PTSD symptoms among hurricane katrina‐rita volunteers

Bullying and PTSD Symptoms

Traumatic experiences and posttraumatic stress disorder in Spanish university students

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