“…Gratz and Roemer (2004) developed a self-report scale, entitled the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), which measures emotion dysregulation as a higher-order construct involving multiple, internally consistent, lower-order dimensions. Emotion dysregulation (higher-order factor), as measured by the DERS, is related to increased levels of negative emotional symptoms (Anestis et al 2011;Gratz and Roemer 2004;Kashdan et al 2008;Tull et al 2008Tull et al , 2009Vujanovic et al 2008), coping-oriented substance use (Bonn-Miller et al 2008;Johnson et al 2012), self-harm (Gratz and Tull 2010), and sexual difficulties (Rellini et al 2010(Rellini et al , 2012) among non-HIV/AIDS samples. Thus, emotion regulation is a construct that reflects responding to emotional states through the identification, interpretation, and management of these states.…”