An Examination of Privacy Policies in Fortune 500 Web Sites

Chang, Liu; Arnett, Kirk P.

doi:10.1108/19355181200200001

Cited by 44 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…For example, the 1999 Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act for financial institutions requires that consumers be given the possibility to opt-out when the institution shares non-public information. A study by Liu & Arnett (2002) showed that 53.3% of Fortune 500 Web sites with privacy policies did not address opt-out concerns. As opposed to opt-out, the opt-in alternative permits the use of personal data within a firm, but first requires opt-in consent before information is disclosed to third-parties (Degryse and Bouckaert, 2006).…”

Section: Web Site Privacy Implementation Authormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Liu and Arnett (2002), more than twenty-five million children in the U.S. are on the Internet, therefore site owners should more actively address privacy protection related to children. Congress passed the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA) in 1998, setting rules for online collection of information on children (Bowie and Jamal, 2006).…”

Section: Privacy Protection Titlementioning

confidence: 99%

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An examination of privacy policies of US Government Senate websites

Kuzma

2010

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U.S. Government Web sites are rapidly increasing the services they offer, but users express concerns about their personal privacy protection. To earn user's trust, these sites must show that personal data is protected, and the sites contain explicit privacy policies. This research studied privacy policy protection of 50 U.S. Senate sites and found that few had comprehensive elements of privacy policies and a general lack of protection of personal data that could be obtain from the Web site. The study reviewed which specific privacy elements are most often mishandled, as well as suggestions for improving an overall online privacy practice.

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Section: Web Site Privacy Implementation Authormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Privacy Protection Titlementioning

confidence: 99%

An examination of privacy policies of US Government Senate websites

Kuzma

2010

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“…Use of privacy policy statements to increase perceived trustworthiness is a relatively new phenomenon, and examination of their use and implications is just beginning to be explored (Criswell & Meinert, 2003;Culnan, 1999;Grewal, Munger, Iyer, & Levy, 2003;Liu & Arnett, 2002;Luo & Najdawi, 2004;Meinert, Peterson, Criswell & Crossland, 2006;Miyazaki & Fernandez, 2000;Pennington et al, 2003;Ranganathan & Ganapathy, 2002). While much of the research to date on this topic has focused on chronicling rates of utilization and variability in content, a few studies have examined the efficacy of privacy statements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Would Regulation of Web Site Privacy Policy Statements Increase Consumer Trust?

Meinert¹,

Peterson

Criswell

et al. 2006

InSITE Conference

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Proponents of e-commerce have known for some time that limited participation by consumers partially reflects their concern over the privacy of personal information. To address consumer concerns, web site operators have employed security mechanisms, including privacy policy statements to increase their perceived trustworthiness. While empirical evidence is limited, there is some question regarding the ability of privacy policy statements to engender significantly greater levels of trust. The limited effectiveness of such statements may reflect their voluntary implementation, self-enforcement, and\or significant variance (protection and enforcement) from one web site to another. One possible remedy would be the imposition of legally mandated statements. This study examined the efficacy of legally mandated privacy policies vis-à-vis both voluntary statements of varying degrees of protection and the absence of any such statement. The results were mixed, as legally mandated privacy policy statements were found to be comparable to strong voluntary statements, but superior to none, weak or moderate policies. Perhaps more important, the nature of the privacy policy statement interacted with type of information requested.

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“…Lin and Kirk (2002) investigated the privacy policies of the Fortune 500 Websites and found that slightly more than fifty percent had privacy policies in place. Much fewer had basic elements of privacy policies, such as assurances that the data collected is secure, allowing people to access data collected about them, providing people with a choice to choose or use their information, and providing notice prior to collection of data.…”

Section: Prior Comparative Research On Privacymentioning

confidence: 99%

New media usage and privacy policies of newspaper websites of the Baltic States

Kaupins

Reed

2012

Verslo Ir Teisės Aktualijos / Current Issues of Business and Law

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This study examines how new media and privacy policies have penetrated the top twelve online newspaper websites in the Baltic States (Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania). New media involves new computer communication techniques such as social networks, mobile applications, blogs, Really Simple Syndication feeds, and forums. New media can be used by management as a tool to attract new customers, develop a higher awareness of the organization, and stay engaged with customers, marketers, and employees.Results show that the top twelve Latvian newspaper websites make most use of Facebook and Twitter, whereas Estonian newspaper websites tend to use Really Simple Syndication feeds and forums the most among the three countries. Lithuanian newspaper websites have the edge among mobile phone users. Forums and Really Simple Syndication feeds are the most commonly used new media applications among the newspaper sites.Newspaper websites must often balance privacy with freedom of speech, research the readership, and market readers to others. Unfortunately, privacy policies related to new media tend to be inconsistent across newspaper sites. The sites that are more popular on the Internet tend to have the largest protection against transferring reader-provided personal data to third parties. Estonian newspaper websites tend to have the largest number of privacy protections including limits to reader speech, right to edit reader-provided content, Gundars E. Kaupins, Decateur Reed, J. D. New media usage and privacy policies of newspaper websites of the Baltic States 28 disclaimer of responsibility of reader-provided content, policies associated with privacy of personal information protected, and a statement announcing infringements of rules incur legal liability for anyone submitting inappropriate content to the newspaper. Keywords Naujų žiniasklaidos priemonių panaudojimas Baltijos valstybių laikraščių tinklalapiuose ir jų privatumo politika AnotacijaŠioje studijoje nagrinėjama, kaip naujos žiniasklaidos priemonės ir privatumo politikos nuostatos prasiskverbė į Baltijos valstybių (Estijos, Latvijos ir Lietuvos) dvylikos pagrindinių laikraščių tinklalapius. Naujos žiniasklaidos priemonės reiškia tokias naujas kompiuterinių komunikacijų technologijas kaip socialiniai tinklai, mobiliosios prietaikos, tinklaraščiai, RSS sąsajos ir forumai. Įmonių vadovybė gali naudoti naujas žiniasklaidos priemones kaip įrankį siekdama pritraukti naujų klientų, padidinti organizacinį sąmoningumą ir palaikyti ryšius su esamais klientais, pardavėjais ir darbuotojais.Tyrimo rezultatai rodo, kad dvylikos pagrindinių Latvijos laikraščių tinklalapiai daž-niausiai naudojasi Facebook ir Twitter, tuo tarpu Estijos laikraščių tinklalapiai labiausiai iš trijų valstybių yra linkę naudotis RSS sąsajomis ir forumais. Lietuvos laikraščiai internete yra populiariausi tarp mobiliojo ryšio paslaugų vartotojų. Forumai ir RSS sąsajos yra laikraščių tinklalapiuose labiausiai paplitusios naujos žiniasklaidos priemonės.Laikraščių tinklalapiai neretai privalo derinti...

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An Examination of Privacy Policies in Fortune 500 Web Sites

Cited by 44 publications

References 14 publications

An examination of privacy policies of US Government Senate websites

An examination of privacy policies of US Government Senate websites

Would Regulation of Web Site Privacy Policy Statements Increase Consumer Trust?

New media usage and privacy policies of newspaper websites of the Baltic States

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