An ex vivo comparison of root canal length determination by three electronic apex locators at positions short of the apical foramen

Vasconcelos, Bruno Carvalho de; Vale, Tainá Macedo do; Menezes, Antônio Sérgio Teixeira de; Pinheiro-Júnior, Elilton Cavalcante; Vivacqua-Gomes, Nilton; Bernardes, Ricardo Affonso; Duarte, Marco Antônio Húngaro

doi:10.1016/j.tripleo.2010.03.005

Cited by 32 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This variation may be considered acceptable, due to the wide range in the location of the apical constriction (4)(5)(6). The values obtained by iPex are in accordance with a recent in vitro study that showed 76.3% precision in determining the WL when the display indicated a distance of 1 mm from the apex, and 97.4% when the display indicated 0 mm (12). These data seem to clearly indicate that the accuracy of iPex increase as the file tip approaches the apex.…”

Section: Ealsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…The present study showed 82% of acceptable radiographic measurements when the display indicated the apical constriction. This result is supported by the findings of De Vasconcelos et al (12). The Apex had a value of 84% of acceptable radiographic measures, which is slightly higher than the values obtained by Camargo et al (18) when preflaring was not carried out (77.5%) and lower than those obtained when preflaring was carried out (87.5%).…”

Section: Ealsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…The third-generation EAL was frequency-dependent and measured impedance values at 2 frequencies (8 KHz and 0.4 KHz) simultaneously in order to calculate a quotient, which expresses the position of the file tip in the canal (11). The recently developed fourth-generation EAL measures capacitance and resistance simultaneously to determine the location of the file tip in the canal (12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have investigated the use of the EALs, their accuracy in endodontic treatment (12)(13)(14)(15)(16) and retreatment (17), the influence of prior preflaring (18), and their coefficient of repeatability (13).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The iPex (NSK, Tokyo, Japan) is claimed to be a fourth-generation apex locator. It automatically selects the best possible combination of frequency in line with the canal condition by simultaneously measuring capacitance and resistance to determine the location of the file tip in the canal (12,19).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An in vivo radiographic evaluation of the accuracy of Apex and iPex electronic Apex locators

et al. 2012

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The aim of this study was to evaluate in vivo the clinical applicability of two electronic apex locators (EALs) - Apex (Septodont) and iPex (NSK) - in different groups of human teeth by using radiography. The working lengths (WLs) of 100 root canals were determined electronically. The EAL to be used first was chosen randomly and a K-file was inserted into the root canal until the EAL display indicated the location of the apical constriction (0 mm). The K-file was fixed to the tooth and a periapical radiograph was taken using a radiographic film holder. The K-file was removed and the WL was measured. The same procedure was repeated using the other EAL. Radiographs were examined with the aid of a light-box with lens of ×4 magnification by two blinded experienced endodontists. The distance between the file tip and the root apex was recorded as follows: (A) +1 to 0 mm, (B) -0.1 to 0.5 mm, (C) -0.6 to 1 mm, (D) -1.1 to 1.5 mm, and (E) -1.6 mm or greater. For statistical purposes, these scores were divided into 2 subgroups according to the radiographic apex: acceptable (B, C, and D) and non-acceptable (A and E). Statistically significant differences were not found between the results of Apex and iPex in terms of acceptable and non-acceptable measurements (p>0.05) or in terms of the distance recorded from file tip and the radiographic apex (p>0.05). Apex and iPex EALs provided reliable measurements for WL determination for endodontic therapy.

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