An evolving energy-environmental-economic system towards coordination: Spatiotemporal features and key drivers

Multicity comparative assessment and optimized management path of sustainability of the economy–energy–environment system: A case study of core cities in China's three major economic circles

“…The 3E system is a dynamic and complex macro system that consists of interconnected and interdependent subsystems: the energy subsystem, the economic subsystem, and the environmental subsystem (Wang et al, 2014). To date, many scholars have conducted research on the coordination of the 3E system at various levels, such as the city level (Li & Yang, 2023; Xing et al, 2019), the city cluster level (Chen et al, 2021; Wan et al, 2020), and the provincial level (Dong et al, 2023; Song et al, 2023). For example, Xing et al (2019) developed a coupled and coordinated simulation model for the 3E system and simulated future development of the coupling degree in the 3E system in Wuhan in different scenarios.…”

“…Furthermore, from the perspective of research methods in the study of the 3E system, the majority of studies have adopted a research framework of “indicator evaluation + coordination degree quantification.” Among the research methods related to indicator weight analysis, the entropy method (Song et al, 2023, 2022), the analytic hierarchy process (Ameen & Mourshed, 2019; Cui et al, 2019), gray relational analysis (Arce et al, 2015; Mu et al, 2022), and principal component analysis (Wang et al, 2016; Zhao et al, 2016) have been commonly used. The research methods used for quantifying the coordination degree primarily include the coordination degree model (Shen et al, 2018; Song et al, 2023) and system dynamics (Qin et al, 2018; Wu & Ning, 2018), among others. For instance, Song et al (2023) constructed an evaluation index system for the 3E system and quantified the spatial differentiation pattern of the coupling coordination degree among the 30 provinces in China using the entropy method and a coupling coordination degree model.…”

“…Among the research methods related to indicator weight analysis, the entropy method (Song et al, 2023(Song et al, , 2022, the analytic hierarchy process (Ameen & Mourshed, 2019;Cui et al, 2019), gray relational analysis (Arce et al, 2015;Mu et al, 2022), and principal component analysis (Wang et al, 2016;Zhao et al, 2016) have been commonly used. The research methods used for quantifying the coordination degree primarily include the coordination degree model (Shen et al, 2018;Song et al, 2023) and system dynamics (Qin et al, 2018;Wu & Ning, 2018), among others. For instance, Song et al (2023) constructed an evaluation index system for the 3E system and quantified the spatial differentiation pattern of the coupling coordination degree among the 30 provinces in China using the entropy method and a coupling coordination degree model.…”

“…The research methods used for quantifying the coordination degree primarily include the coordination degree model (Shen et al, 2018; Song et al, 2023) and system dynamics (Qin et al, 2018; Wu & Ning, 2018), among others. For instance, Song et al (2023) constructed an evaluation index system for the 3E system and quantified the spatial differentiation pattern of the coupling coordination degree among the 30 provinces in China using the entropy method and a coupling coordination degree model. Mu et al (2022) analyzed the trend of coordinated development among the subsystems of the 3E system in Beijing using gray relational analysis and a coupling coordination model.…”