An Evolutionary Cost of Separate Genders Revealed by Male‐Limited Evolution

Prasad, Nagaraj Guru; Bedhomme, Stéphanie; Day, Troy; Chippindale, Adam K.

doi:10.1086/509941

Cited by 169 publications

(204 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Artificial selection for increased investment in a specific sex function would constitute a direct test of the lability of hermaphroditism and of levels of standing sexually antagonistic genetic variation. Such an approach has also been suggested by Schärer [34], and experimental evolution has been successful in detecting intra-locus sexual conflict in laboratory populations of Drosophila melanogaster [13,75,76]. Colour has occasionally been used as a marker trait in experimental evolution studies (e.g.…”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intra-locus sexual conflict and sexually antagonistic genetic variation in hermaphroditic animals

Abbott

2010

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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Intra-locus sexual conflict results when sex-specific selection pressures for a given trait act against the intra-sexual genetic correlation for that trait. It has been found in a wide variety of taxa in both laboratory and natural populations, but the importance of intra-locus sexual conflict and sexually antagonistic genetic variation in hermaphroditic organisms has rarely been considered. This is not so surprising given the conceptual and theoretical association of intra-locus sexual conflict with sexual dimorphism, but there is no a priori reason why intra-locus sexual conflict cannot occur in hermaphroditic organisms as well. Here, I discuss the potential for intra-locus sexual conflict in hermaphroditic animals and review the available evidence for such conflict, and for the existence of sexually antagonistic genetic variation in hermaphrodites. I argue that mutations with asymmetric effects are particularly likely to be important in mediating sexual antagonism in hermaphroditic organisms. Moreover, sexually antagonistic genetic variation is likely to play an important role in inter-individual variation in sex allocation and in transitions to and from gonochorism (separate sexes) in simultaneous hermaphrodites. I also describe how sequential hermaphrodites may experience a unique form of intra-locus sexual conflict via antagonistic pleiotropy. Finally, I conclude with some suggestions for further research.

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Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intra-locus sexual conflict and sexually antagonistic genetic variation in hermaphroditic animals

Abbott

2010

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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“…Although recent studies have demonstrated standing genetic variation in sexually antagonistic loci within populations in diverse taxa Fedorka & Mousseau 2004;Pischedda & Chippindale 2006;Brommer et al 2007;Foerster et al 2007;Prasad et al 2007;Bilde et al 2009;Delcourt et al 2009), the impact of ISC on population-level processes remains unexplored (Bonduriansky & Chenoweth 2009). This is unfortunate because ISC may affect fundamental evolutionary processes such as adaptation (Rice 1992) and speciation (Rice & Chippindale 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual conflict and the gender load: correlated evolution between population fitness and sexual dimorphism in seed beetles

Arnqvist

Tuda

2009

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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Although males and females share much of the same genome, selection is often distinct in the two sexes. Sexually antagonistic loci will in theory cause a gender load in populations, because sex-specific selection on a given trait in one sex will compromise the adaptive evolution of the same trait in the other sex. However, it is currently not clear whether such intralocus sexual conflict (ISC) represents a transient evolutionary state, where conflict is rapidly resolved by the evolution of sexual dimorphism (SD), or whether it is a more chronic impediment to adaptation. All else being equal, ISC should manifest itself as correlated evolution between population fitness and SD in traits expressed in both sexes. However, comparative tests of this prediction are problematic and have been unfeasible. Here, we assess the effects of ISC by comparing fitness and SD across distinct laboratory populations of seed beetles that should be well adapted to a shared environment. We show that SD in juvenile development time, a key life-history trait with a history of sexually antagonistic selection in this model system, is positively related to fitness. This effect is due to a correlated evolution between population fitness and development time that is positive in females but negative in males. Loosening the genetic bind between the sexes has evidently allowed the sexes to approach their distinct adaptive peaks.

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“…Work, largely with Drosophila, suggests that such intralocus sexual conflict occurs widely throughout the genome [151][152][153][154][155][156]. Although some intralocus sexual conflict can be resolved by sex specific expression and genomic imprinting [56], a growing body of work suggests that intralocus sexual conflict is common and occurs at all stages of an organisms development [154], and can have implications for many areas of sexual selection [155,156], including sperm competition.…”

Section: Conflict Between Sperm (Haploid) and Male (Diploid) Phasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sperm competition, immunity, selfish genes and cancer

Lewis

Price

Wedell

2008

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

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Sperm competition is widespread and has played an important role in shaping male reproductive characters such as testis size and numbers of sperm produced, and this is reflected in the rapid evolution of many reproductive genes. Additionally, sperm competition has been implicated in the rapid evolution of seminal fluids. However, our understanding of the molecular basis of many traits thought to be important in sperm competition is rudimentary. Furthermore, links between sperm competition and a range of issues not directly related to reproduction are only just beginning to be explored. These include associations between sperm competition and selfish genes, immunity and diseases such as cancer.We briefly review these topics and suggest areas we consider worthy of additional research.

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An Evolutionary Cost of Separate Genders Revealed by Male‐Limited Evolution

Cited by 169 publications

References 34 publications

Intra-locus sexual conflict and sexually antagonistic genetic variation in hermaphroditic animals

Intra-locus sexual conflict and sexually antagonistic genetic variation in hermaphroditic animals

Sexual conflict and the gender load: correlated evolution between population fitness and sexual dimorphism in seed beetles

Sperm competition, immunity, selfish genes and cancer

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