An Evo-devo View of Post-genomic African Cichlid Biology: Enhanced Models for Evolution and Biomedicine

Parsons, Kevin J.; McWhinnie, Kirsty; Armstrong, Tiffany

doi:10.1007/978-94-024-2080-7_21

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…Conversely, cichlid fishes are well‐known, well‐studied model organisms in many fields of (evolutionary) biology, including the study of behaviour (Jordan et al, 2021) and (ecological) diversification (Burress, 2015; Salzburger, 2018). To stay within the realm of genomics, it is, therefore, unsurprising, as Parsons et al (2021) put it, ‘[c]ichlid biology has a continuing history of benefitting from the latest technical advances in sequencing technology’. The latter authors even underline the potential of cichlids in clinical disease research.…”

Section: Model Parasites Of Model Hosts? Evolution and Ecology Of Cic...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of systematics for understanding ecosystem functions: Proceedings of the Zoologica Scripta Symposium, Oslo, Norway, 25 August 2022

et al. 2023

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On 25 August 2022, the Zoologica Scripta -An International Journal of Systematic Zoology and the Norwegian Academy of Sciences and Letters arranged a symposium entitled 'The role of systematics for understanding ecosystem functions' in the Academy's premises in Oslo, Norway. The symposium aimed at offering a forum for exploring and discussing trends and future developments in the field of systematics. Eleven international experts contributed expertise on various issues related to global challenges, such as biodiversity assessments, databases, cuttingedge analysis tools, and the consequences of the taxonomic impediment. Here, we compiled a multi-author proceedings paper of the symposium contributions

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Section: Model Parasites Of Model Hosts? Evolution and Ecology Of Cic...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of systematics for understanding ecosystem functions: Proceedings of the Zoologica Scripta Symposium, Oslo, Norway, 25 August 2022

et al. 2023

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“…Emerging fish model systems include the rapidly evolving East African and Cameroon cichlid radiations, in which a small number of genetic changes underlie immense morphological disparity in over 1,500 cichlid species (Brawand et al, 2014;Conith et al, 2019;Kocher et al, 2003;Martin, 2012;Martin, 2013;Martin and Genner, 2009;Navon et al, 2020) and the repeated parallel speciation of stickleback ecomorphs in glacial lakes (Chan et al, 2010;Erickson et al, 2016;Jones et al, 2012;Miller et al, 2007;Ishikawa et al 2019). These systems provide excellent examples of leveraging naturally-occurring and highly divergent craniofacial phenotypes as 'evolutionary mutants' or 'evolutionary forward genetics' models to gain novel insights into the genetics of natural human craniofacial variation (Erickson et al, 2014;Glazer et al, 2015;J. Parsons et al, 2021;Kocher, 2004;Powder and Albertson, 2016;Roberts et al, 2009) Here we demonstrate the utility of a non-model evolutionary radiation of Cyprinodon pupfishes for discovering and validating a new craniofacial gene of potential clinical relevance to normal human facial variation and craniofacial disorders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Jaw size variation is associated with a novel craniofacial function for galanin receptor 2 in an adaptive radiation of pupfishes

Palominos,

Muhl,

Richards

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Understanding the origins of new species with novel adaptations is a fundamental question in biology that also provides an opportunity to uncover new genes and regulatory networks with potential clinical relevance. Here we demonstrate a new role for galr2 in vertebrate craniofacial development using a non-model adaptive radiation of trophic specialist pupfishes endemic to San Salvador Island in the Bahamas. We confirmed the loss of a Sry transcription factor binding site in scale-eating pupfish and found significant spatial differences in galr2 expression among pupfish species in the Meckel's cartilage and premaxilla using in situ hybridization. We then experimentally confirmed a novel function for Galr2 in craniofacial development and jaw elongation by exposing embryos to Galr2. Galr2-inhibition reduced Meckel's cartilage length and increased chondrocyte density in both trophic specialists but not in the generalist genetic background. We propose a mechanism for jaw elongation in scale-eaters based on the reduced expression of galr2 putatively due to the loss of the Sry binding site that results in reduced opportunities for binding with their endogenous ligand during craniofacial chondrogenesis. Fewer Galr2 receptors in the scale-eater Meckel's cartilage may result in their enlarged jaw lengths as adults by limiting opportunities for Galr2 antagonists to bind to these receptors during development. Our findings illustrate the growing utility of linking candidate adaptive SNPs in non-model vertebrate systems with highly divergent phenotypes to novel gene functions with potential implications for human biology.

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“…Emerging fish model systems include the rapidly evolving East African and Cameroon cichlid radiations, in which a small number of genetic changes underlie immense morphological disparity [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] and the repeated parallel speciation of stickleback ecomorphs in glacial lakes [33][34][35][36]. These systems provide excellent examples of leveraging naturally occurring and highly divergent craniofacial phenotypes as 'evolutionary mutants' or 'evolutionary forward genetics' models to gain novel insights into the genetics of natural human craniofacial variation [17,[37][38][39][40][41][42].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Jaw size variation is associated with a novel craniofacial function for galanin receptor 2 in an adaptive radiation of pupfishes

Palominos,

Muhl,

Richards

et al. 2023

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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Understanding the genetic basis of novel adaptations in new species is a fundamental question in biology. Here we demonstrate a new role for galr2 in vertebrate craniofacial development using an adaptive radiation of trophic specialist pupfishes endemic to San Salvador Island, Bahamas. We confirmed the loss of a putative Sry transcription factor binding site upstream of galr2 in scale-eating pupfish and found significant spatial differences in galr2 expression among pupfish species in Meckel's cartilage using in situ hybridization chain reaction (HCR). We then experimentally demonstrated a novel role for Galr2 in craniofacial development by exposing embryos to Garl2-inhibiting drugs. Galr2-inhibition reduced Meckel's cartilage length and increased chondrocyte density in both trophic specialists but not in the generalist genetic background. We propose a mechanism for jaw elongation in scale-eaters based on the reduced expression of galr2 due to the loss of a putative Sry binding site. Fewer Galr2 receptors in the scale-eater Meckel's cartilage may result in their enlarged jaw lengths as adults by limiting opportunities for a circulating Galr2 agonist to bind to these receptors during development. Our findings illustrate the growing utility of linking candidate adaptive SNPs in non-model systems with highly divergent phenotypes to novel vertebrate gene functions.

show abstract

An Evo-devo View of Post-genomic African Cichlid Biology: Enhanced Models for Evolution and Biomedicine

Cited by 6 publications

References 95 publications

The role of systematics for understanding ecosystem functions: Proceedings of the Zoologica Scripta Symposium, Oslo, Norway, 25 August 2022

The role of systematics for understanding ecosystem functions: Proceedings of the Zoologica Scripta Symposium, Oslo, Norway, 25 August 2022

Jaw size variation is associated with a novel craniofacial function for galanin receptor 2 in an adaptive radiation of pupfishes

Jaw size variation is associated with a novel craniofacial function for galanin receptor 2 in an adaptive radiation of pupfishes

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