'An Evil for All Concerned': Great Britain and Minority Protection after 1919

Finney, Patrick

doi:10.1177/002200949503000308

Cited by 41 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…6. For detailed discussions of the failure of the system established by the League of Nations, see, for example, Finney (1995), Mazower (1997), Fink (2000), and Sierpowski (1991). 7.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In pursuit of homogeneity: the Lausanne Conference, minorities and the Turkish nation

Bayar

2014

Natl. pap.

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Following World War I, the Allied Powers signed Minority Treaties with a number of Central and Eastern European states. These treaties delineated the status of religious, ethnic and linguistic minorities in their respective countries. Turkey would be one of the last states that sat down to the negotiation table with the Allied Powers. In the Turkish case, the Lausanne Treaty would be the defining document which set out a series of rights and freedoms for the non-Muslim minorities in the newly created nation. The present article explores how and why the non-Muslim minorities were situated in the fringes of the new nation. In doing so, the article highlights the content of the discussions in the Lausanne Conference and in the Turkish Grand National Assembly with an emphasis on the position of the Turkish political elite.

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“…6. For detailed discussions of the failure of the system established by the League of Nations, see, for example, Finney (1995), Mazower (1997), Fink (2000), and Sierpowski (1991). 7.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In pursuit of homogeneity: the Lausanne Conference, minorities and the Turkish nation

Bayar

2014

Natl. pap.

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“…The Convention concerning Reciprocal and Voluntary Emigration between Greece and Bulgaria, which had been agreed at the Treaty of Neuilly in 1919 and came into effect in 1920, had envisaged an orderly, voluntary transfer of minority populations as a “solution” to the minority problem. Yet few “Bulgarians” in Greece seemed inclined to emigrate (see Finney 1995, 1997; Ladas 1932). However, in summer 1922, the Greek military continued its campaign into the Anatolian interior; it was driven back by the Turkish army, and the Christian inhabitants of the region were exposed to “reprisals by Turkish irregulars and the victorious Turkish army, following the atrocities committed earlier by the advancing Greek army” (Hirschon 2003:5).…”

Section: “The Situation In Macedonia”mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Admittedly, this scheme of voluntary emigration was exceptional. It contravened the general spirit of minorities treaties, which aimed to keep minorities in place and reasonably contented, hoping that, if they were treated well, “national minorities” would learn to become loyal citizens of the state in which they were “alien populations” (Finney 1995, 1997). Within a few years of their establishment, though, it was evident that the treaties, as pertained both to the Macedonian region and elsewhere, were doomed to disappoint both states and minorities.…”

Section: Counting Classifying and Unmixing Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fixing national subjects in the 1920s southern Balkans: Also an international practice

Cowan¹

2008

American Ethnologist

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The momentous transition from empire to nation‐state in the early 20th century entailed a challenge for European states to produce “national” subjects–citizens. Scholars examining how diverse populations were incorporated into national projects have typically taken the nation‐state's territorial boundaries as analytical boundaries and have rarely considered nation‐building comparatively or investigated the creation of national subjects as an international practice. Taking the case of the League of Nation's supervision of the Greco–Bulgarian Convention Concerning Reciprocal and Voluntary Emigration in the 1920s, I explore collaboration between international and national agents in disambiguating multistranded affiliations of certain subjects in pursuit of homogeneous nation‐states. [international institutions, nation‐building, supervision, subjects, migration, borders, minorities]

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“…These populations were, in principle, protected by the minority treaties of Greece, Yugoslavia and Turkey. 'Bulgarian' minorities living in northern Greece were also affected by a Convention on Greco-Bulgarian Voluntary and Reciprocal Emigration, agreed between Greece and Bulgaria in 1919 at Neuilly-sur-Seine, France, that was intended to encourage minorities to migrate to their 'kin state' (Finney, 1995;Ladas, 1932).…”

Section: The Puzzle Of 'Violent Language'mentioning

confidence: 99%

Who's Afraid of Violent Language?

Cowan

2003

Anthropological Theory

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The peace treaties following the Great War dictated that certain nation-states accept, as the price of international recognition, agreements to protect the rights of their minority populations. Responsibility to 'guarantee' and 'supervise' the minority treaties fell to a novel and untried international institution, the League of Nations. It established the 'minority petition procedure', an unprecedented innovation within international relations that initiated transnational claims-making. Focusing on the supervision of agreements pertaining to the Macedonian region, I examine how the Minorities Section of the League of Nations Secretariat handled 'minority petitions' alleging state infractions of minority treaties. I consider, in particular, a preoccupation among both bureaucrats and states with 'violent language' in petitions. I argue that this preoccupation signalled anxieties about honour, sovereignty and legitimacy, about the ambiguous position of 'minority states' and about the potentially explosive effects of popular energies in the post-war international order.

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'An Evil for All Concerned': Great Britain and Minority Protection after 1919

Abstract: Peer reviewe

Cited by 41 publications

References 2 publications

In pursuit of homogeneity: the Lausanne Conference, minorities and the Turkish nation

In pursuit of homogeneity: the Lausanne Conference, minorities and the Turkish nation

Fixing national subjects in the 1920s southern Balkans: Also an international practice

Who's Afraid of Violent Language?

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