An Evidence-Based Videotaped Running Biomechanics Analysis

Souza, Richard B.

doi:10.1016/j.pmr.2015.08.006

Cited by 107 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…is calculation resulted in a unitless ratio for each axis and was performed to account for influence of running speed on trunk acceleration [31]. Lower body variables chosen to describe running pattern were those that are frequently modified during gaitretraining with the goal of reducing injury risk [27] and that can be easily identified through a frame-by-frame video analysis, namely, the presence of rearfoot strike, overstriding, crossover, EPR, and EPD. Rearfoot strike, overstriding, and crossover were assessed to describe the running pattern at initial contact, EPR, and EPD at midstance.…”

Section: Data Analysis and Measuredmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Running gait phases were identified by the use of the Optogait system, and the presence or not of the selected running patterns was detected by video analysis with manual digitation. Criteria used to assess the presence of rearfoot strike, overstriding, crossover, EPR, and EPD by 2D video analysis referred to those used in literature [7,18,27,28]. In particular, rearfoot refers to initial contact made by the heel in which the heel lands before the ball of the foot, a midfoot strike refers to an initial contact in which the heel and the ball of the foot land quasisimultaneously, while in a forefoot strike the ball of the foot lands before the heel [7].…”

Section: Data Analysis and Measuredmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, rearfoot refers to initial contact made by the heel in which the heel lands before the ball of the foot, a midfoot strike refers to an initial contact in which the heel and the ball of the foot land quasisimultaneously, while in a forefoot strike the ball of the foot lands before the heel [7]. Overstriding occurs when, at initial contact, the knee is completely extended, and the ipsilateral foot lands anteriorly to the pelvis [27]. Markers placed on the external malleolus, the head of the fibula, and the lateral condyle of the femur and the great trochanter were used to observe the complete extension of the knee and the foot placement compared with the pelvis (assumed to be on the same axis of the great trochanter).…”

Section: Data Analysis and Measuredmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…e body midline was identified with the vertical line passing through the marker placed on the L5 vertebra. EPR and EPD describe running strategy during the midstance phase [27]. EPR is a triplanar motion of the subtalar joint characterized by a flattening of the medial arch and a hypermobile midfoot [27].…”

Section: Data Analysis and Measuredmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other factors that are supposed to influence trunk stability during gait are gender and level of training, but studies exist only with regard to lower trunk level or walking gait [11,24]. However, to the best of the authors knowledge, no study directly investigated the relationship between acceleration of the UT and gender, level of training, and lower limb and pelvis run pattern, described through the footstrike pattern, presence of overstriding, crossover, excessive protonation (EPR), and pelvic drop (EPD), which have already been demonstrated to influence intensities and direction of the GRF, shock transmission, and runningrelated injuries [7,[18][19][20][25][26][27][28]. is study aims to fill this gap in the literature by characterizing UT kinematics by exploring differences in the UT kinematics according to gender and level of training and in relation to lower limb run pattern.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationship between Lower Limb Kinematics and Upper Trunk Acceleration in Recreational Runners

Simoni

Pancani

Vannetti

et al. 2020

Journal of Healthcare Engineering

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Upper trunk (UT) kinematics in runners and its relationship with lower limbs has been poorly investigated, although it is acknowledged that dynamic stability of the upper body is a primary objective of human locomotion. This study aimed to explore UT kinematics according to gender and level of training and in relation to lower limb run patterns described through the presence of: overstriding, crossover, excessive protonation, and pelvic drop. Lower body variables chosen to describe running pattern were those that are frequently modified during gait-retraining with the goal of reducing injury risk. Eighty-seven recreational runners (28 females and 59 males, age 41 ± 10 years) performed a one minute run test on a treadmill at self-selected speed. UT kinematics was measured using an inertial measurement unit, while run features were assessed through an optoelectronic system and video analysis. Accelerations and root-mean-square on mediolateral and anteroposterior axes, normalized using the vertical component of the acceleration, were estimated to describe UT stability. Results showed no significant differences in the normalized UT acceleration root-mean-square according to gender and level of training as well as according to the presence of overstriding, crossover, and excessive protonation. The only running strategy studied in this work that showed a significant relationship with UT stability was the presence of excessive pelvic drop. The latter was significantly associated (p=0.020) to a decrease in the normalized acceleration root-mean-square along the mediolateral direction. Although the excessive pelvic drop seemed to have a positive effect in stabilizing the upper body, concerns remain on the effect of a poor control of the pelvis on the biomechanics of lower limbs. Results obtained confirm the hypothesis that the lower body is able to respond to varying impact load conditions to maintain UT stability.

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Section: Data Analysis and Measuredmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Data Analysis and Measuredmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Data Analysis and Measuredmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Data Analysis and Measuredmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationship between Lower Limb Kinematics and Upper Trunk Acceleration in Recreational Runners

Simoni

Pancani

Vannetti

et al. 2020

Journal of Healthcare Engineering

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The effects of video feedback on running form

Morante,

Miltenberger,

Cook

2023

Behavioral Interventions

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Correct running form is important for injury prevention; as such, correct form promotes continued engagement in running as a long‐term form of exercise. Researchers have shown video feedback to be an effective strategy to improve athletic form for a variety of sports, but it has not been evaluated in any behavior analytic research as a method for improving running form. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of video feedback to improve running form for regular runners. During baseline, each participant was video recorded while running without any feedback (verbal or video). During intervention, the researcher recorded the participant, then showed them the video and provided feedback on correct or incorrect form, according to a 9‐step task analysis. Results show that all three participants achieved 100% correct steps on the task analysis when video feedback was used to maintain their form during follow‐up.

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Running gait adaptations among adolescent runners with soft tissue impairments following lateral ankle sprains

Lempke

Meehan

Whitney

2023

PM&R

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BackgroundLateral ankle sprains (LAS) frequently lead to residual soft tissue impairments, often attributed to biomechanical dysfunction during movement.ObjectiveTo compare running biomechanics between adolescent runners with soft tissue pathologies following LAS (injured) and healthy runners (control) and between limbs.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingHospital‐affiliated sports injury prevention center.ParticipantsTwenty‐five adolescent runners with a history of LAS and current ankle impingement or tendinopathy (23 female, 2 male; age: 15 ± 2 years; body mass index [BMI]: 19.5 ± 2.5 kg/m2; symptom duration: 1.1 ± 0.9 years), and 23 healthy controls without any LAS history (19 female, 4 male; age: 15 ± 1 years; BMI: 19.2 ± 2.7 kg/m2) were included in this study.InterventionsAll participants completed a clinical gait assessment in which they ran at a self‐selected speed on a force‐plate instrumented treadmill, while two video cameras recorded two‐dimensional sagittal and coronal views.Main Outcome MeasuresFoot rotation, step width, contact time, and cadence were compared between groups and limbs (involved, uninvolved [or “better” for bilateral cases]) using a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Rearfoot landing and foot strike type were compared between groups and limbs using a chi‐square analysis.ResultsThe injured group had significantly increased step width (F = 4.71, p = .04; mean difference [MD] with SE: 1.5 [0.7] cm) compared to controls. The injured groups' involved limb had longer contact time (F = 4.62, p = .03; MDgroup: 12 [7] ms, MDlimb: 22 [11] ms) with more internal foot rotation (F = 14.60, p < .001; MDgroup: 2.2 [1.2] degrees, MDlimb: 4.2 [1.3] degrees) compared to controls and their contralateral limb. There were no significant differences for cadence (F = 2.43, p = .13; MD: 4 [3] steps/min), foot landing (X2 = 1.28, p = .53), or foot strike (X2 = 1.24, p = .54).ConclusionsSpatiotemporal and kinematic running adaptations may predispose young runners with initial LAS to secondary soft tissue dysfunction due to loss of stability from ligamentous structures and an overreliance on myotendinous control. Clinicians may consider targeting these maladaptations during gait‐training interventions.

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An Evidence-Based Videotaped Running Biomechanics Analysis

Cited by 107 publications

References 57 publications

Relationship between Lower Limb Kinematics and Upper Trunk Acceleration in Recreational Runners

Relationship between Lower Limb Kinematics and Upper Trunk Acceleration in Recreational Runners

The effects of video feedback on running form

Running gait adaptations among adolescent runners with soft tissue impairments following lateral ankle sprains

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