An evidence based method to calculate pedestrian crossing speeds in vehicle collisions (PCSC)

Bastien, Christophe; Wellings, Richard; Burnett, Brian

doi:10.1016/j.aap.2018.05.020

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The research will consider the traumatology of the head in pedestrian impact scenarios and focus on the white and grey matter. The process starts by impacting the head in the three strategic locations (frontal, lateral and occipital), as documented by previous research [14] of pedestrian impacts, at velocity increments ranging from 2m/s to 17m/s. The upper value of 17m/s is the maximum velocity observed in the accidents provided by the UKPF.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A cylindrical impactor of 200g was created and positioned around the THUMS human head computer model in the forehead (Figure 6), lateral (Appendix A) and occipital (Appendix B) areas,. This approach was selected because the impact severity depends on the impact location [14]. The frontal impact computer model is illustrated in Figure 5.…”

Section: Phase I: Calibration Of Otm Trauma Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Method to Calculate the Ais Trauma Score From a Finite Element Model

Bastien

Neal-Sturgess

Christensen

et al. 2020

J. Mech. Med. Biol.

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In the real world, traumatic injuries are measured using the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS), however, such a scale cannot be computed to date or the injury precisely located by using human computer models. These models use stresses and strains to evaluate whether serious or fatal injuries are reached, which unfortunately bear no direct relation to AIS. This paper proposes to overcome this deficiency and suggests a unique Organ Trauma Model (OTM) able to calculate the risk to life of any organ injury, focussing in this case on real-life pedestrian head injuries. The OTM uses a power method, named Peak Virtual Power (PVP), and defines a brain white and gray matters trauma response as a function of impact direction and impact speed. The OTM was tested against four real-life pedestrian accidents and proved to predict the head trauma severity and location. In some cases, the method did however under-estimate the trauma by 1 AIS level because of post-impact haemorrhage which cannot be captured with Lagrangian Finite Element solvers. The OTM has the potential to create an important advance in vehicle safety by adding more information on the risk of head trauma.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Phase I: Calibration Of Otm Trauma Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Method to Calculate the Ais Trauma Score From a Finite Element Model

Bastien

Neal-Sturgess

Christensen

et al. 2020

J. Mech. Med. Biol.

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“…It is common for the speed of pedestrians to be adopted according to the recommendations from the literature, depending on the movement regime [17]. Some researchers have developed models to calculate the pedestrians speed at the time of contact with the vehicle [18]. Otković et al [19] have developed models that predict children crossing speed, covering children aged 5 to 15 years.…”

Section: Literature Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Moving Speed of School Age Children

Simeunović

Tanackov

Pitka

et al. 2021

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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School age children (pedestrians) can move at different speeds, which are conditioned by certain parameters. Not all parameters have the same effect on the pedestrian speed. According to the literature, gender and age are the most researched parameters that have an impact on the speed of pedestrians. However, a small number of authors have dealt with the influence of movement regimes (slow, normal, fast, run, and rush) on pedestrian speed, while at the same time taking into account age and gender. For that reason, this article measured the speed of movement of school age children by movement regimes, taking into account age and gender. Within the same movement regime, the influence of age, sex, height, and weight on the speed of movement was investigated. Experimental measurements of the speed of movement of pedestrians aged 7 to 20 years were performed. Based on the results of measurements and statistical analyzes, recommendations on the average speed of movement regimes, age, and gender are given.

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“…The above observations result in the fact that studies are also undertaken to assess the risk of pedestrian mortality [42]. The speed of pedestrians was also studied [43]. There is a dependence on the probability of a pedestrian's death and the vehicle speed (V).…”

Section: Introduction-reasons To Reduce the Vehicles Speed On Pedestrian Crossingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effectiveness of Selected Devices to Reduce the Speed of Vehicles on Pedestrian Crossings

Kruszyna

Matczuk-Pisarek

2021

Sustainability

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Accidents involving pedestrians often result in serious injury or death. The main goal of this conducted research is to evaluate selected devices that will help reduce the speed of vehicles on pedestrian crossings. Many devices from a group of “speed control measures” and “mid block tools” (refugee islands, speed tables, and raised pedestrian crossings) are examined to find the most effective ones. In our research, the range of reduction of a vehicle’s speed is used as a main measure of effectiveness, but a wider statistical analysis was conducted as well. One of the results of the research is the identification of three categories of devices referred to as high effectives (good), medium effectives (intermediate), and low or lack of effectives (bad). The content of the paper starts by highlighting the reasons to reduce the vehicle’s speed on pedestrian crossings (as an introduction). Next, we present the description of devices used to reduce the vehicle’s speed with a presentation of the research of their effectiveness. The studies that have been conducted are described in the following chapters: first, the characteristic of method and location, second, with discussion, the results of research and identification of the three categories of devices. The paper is then summarized by conclusions and comments. The research only covered the issues of road traffic engineering. The research was made in Poland, but the conclusions could be useful worldwide due to similar traffic rules and technical solutions.

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An evidence based method to calculate pedestrian crossing speeds in vehicle collisions (PCSC)

Cited by 9 publications

References 7 publications

A Method to Calculate the Ais Trauma Score From a Finite Element Model

A Method to Calculate the Ais Trauma Score From a Finite Element Model

Determination of Moving Speed of School Age Children

The Effectiveness of Selected Devices to Reduce the Speed of Vehicles on Pedestrian Crossings

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