An event-related potential paradigm for identifying (rare negative) attitude stimuli that people intentionally misreport

Crites, Stephen L.; Mojica, Andrew J.; Corral, Guadalupe; Taylor, Jennifer

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2010.01002.x

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Further, a decrease of the P300/LPP over central sites, which is consistently found for deceptive responses in various experiments and is interpreted to reflect increased task demands (Johnson et al, 2003 , 2004 , 2005 , 2008 ; Crites et al, 2010 ; Hu et al, 2011 ), should be present when participants fake reactions to the BIAT (Hypothesis 2). Finally, whereas the scalp topography of the observed differences give rough cues about their possible cortical origin, EEG source estimation using inverse modeling can reveal the likely generators more precisely.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…For the early time window (P1-N2), an occipital cluster (twenty-three electrodes: PO5, PO7, PO9h, PO9, PO3, POO3, O1, OI1, I1, POz, POOz, Oz, OIz, Iz, PO4, POO4, O2, OI2, I2, PO6, PO8, PO10h, PO10; see e.g., Johnson et al, 2008 ), and also for the N1, P2/N2 time window, a frontal cluster was examined (twenty-one electrodes: AF7, AFF5, F3, Fp1, AFp3, AF3, AFF1, F1, Fpz, AFpz, AFz, AFFz, Fz, Fp2, AFp4, AF4, AFF2, F2, AF8, AFF6, F4; see e.g., Hu et al, 2011 ). For the P3/LPP time windows, a centro-parietal cluster was examined (thirty-four electrodes: FC3, C3, CP3, P3, FC3h, C3h, CP3h, P3h, FC1, C1, CP1, P1, FCC1h, CCP1h, FCz, Cz, CCPz, CPz, CPPz, Pz, FCC2h, CCp2h, FC2, C2, CP2, P2, FC4h, C4h, CP4h, P4h, FC4, C4, CP4, P4; see e.g., Johnson et al, 2005 ; Crites et al, 2010 and see Figure 1 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, the IAT's robustness toward faking has been heavily studied as of late (Fiedler and Bluemke, 2005 ; De Houwer et al, 2007 ; Cvencek et al, 2010 ; Roehner et al, 2013 ). We use the terms faking and deception synonymously in this article because the former is more common in the cited social cognition research (e.g., Fiedler and Bluemke, 2005 ; De Houwer et al, 2007 ), whereas the latter is more common in the neuroscientific research we cite (e.g., Johnson et al, 2003 , 2004 , 2005 , 2008 ; Crites et al, 2010 ). So far, results have indicated that the IAT can be deceived to some extent (e.g., Fiedler and Bluemke, 2005 ; De Houwer et al, 2007 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The same pattern of results was also found for the later occurring LPP. Crites et al ( 2010 ) found an increased LPP when participants misreported attitudes toward rare pictures or names, but a decreased LPP when comparing deceptive to truthful responses toward frequent pictures or names (Crites et al, 2010 ). Thus, a decrease in the P300 and LPP over central locations is frequently reported when participants give an equal number of deceptive responses to previously learned stimuli (Johnson et al, 2003 , 2004 , 2005 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cerebral correlates of faking: evidence from a brief implicit association test on doping attitudes

Schindler

Wolff

Kißler

et al. 2015

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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Direct assessment of attitudes toward socially sensitive topics can be affected by deception attempts. Reaction-time based indirect measures, such as the Implicit Association Test (IAT), are less susceptible to such biases. Neuroscientific evidence shows that deception can evoke characteristic ERP differences. However, the cerebral processes involved in faking an IAT are still unknown. We randomly assigned 20 university students (15 females, 24.65 ± 3.50 years of age) to a counterbalanced repeated-measurements design, requesting them to complete a Brief-IAT (BIAT) on attitudes toward doping without deception instruction, and with the instruction to fake positive and negative doping attitudes. Cerebral activity during BIAT completion was assessed using high-density EEG. Event-related potentials during faking revealed enhanced frontal and reduced occipital negativity, starting around 150 ms after stimulus presentation. Further, a decrease in the P300 and LPP components was observed. Source analyses showed enhanced activity in the right inferior frontal gyrus between 150 and 200 ms during faking, thought to reflect the suppression of automatic responses. Further, more activity was found for faking in the bilateral middle occipital gyri and the bilateral temporoparietal junction. Results indicate that faking reaction-time based tests alter brain processes from early stages of processing and reveal the cortical sources of the effects. Analyzing the EEG helps to uncover response patterns in indirect attitude tests and broadens our understanding of the neural processes involved in such faking. This knowledge might be useful for uncovering faking in socially sensitive contexts, where attitudes are likely to be concealed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Cerebral correlates of faking: evidence from a brief implicit association test on doping attitudes

Schindler

Wolff

Kißler

et al. 2015

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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show abstract

“…The LPP has been used in a range of applied fields. For example, it has been used as an index of abnormal emotional responding in both adults and children (Dennis and Hajcak, 2009; Horan et al, 2010; Marissen et al, 2010), to study social biases in ingroup/outgroup classification (Hurtado et al, 2009; Crites et al, 2010), and as a tool in criminological lie detection (Matsuda et al, 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional significance of the emotion-related late positive potential

Brown¹,

Steenbergen²,

Band³

et al. 2012

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

104

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The late positive potential (LPP) is an event-related potential (ERP) component over visual cortical areas that is modulated by the emotional intensity of a stimulus. However, the functional significance of this neural modulation remains elusive. We conducted two experiments in which we studied the relation between LPP amplitude, subsequent perceptual sensitivity to a non-emotional stimulus (Experiment 1) and visual cortical excitability, as reflected by P1/N1 components evoked by this stimulus (Experiment 2). During the LPP modulation elicited by unpleasant stimuli, perceptual sensitivity was not affected. In contrast, we found some evidence for a decreased N1 amplitude during the LPP modulation, a decreased P1 amplitude on trials with a relatively large LPP, and consistent negative (but non-significant) across-subject correlations between the magnitudes of the LPP modulation and corresponding changes in d-prime or P1/N1 amplitude. The results provide preliminary evidence that the LPP reflects a global inhibition of activity in visual cortex, resulting in the selective survival of activity associated with the processing of the emotional stimulus.

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Measuring implicit mental representations related to ethnic stereotypes with ERPs: An exploratory study

2021

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The present investigation used ERPs to detect the activation of implicit stereotypical representations associated to different ethnic groups, by means of an implicit paradigm. 285 sentences were presented to 20 Italian Caucasian participants while EEG signals were recorded from 128 scalp sites. Sentences could either violate (Incongruent condition), non-violate (Congruent condition) or be neutral (Neutral condition) with regard to stereotypical concepts concerning non-Caucasian ethnic groups (e.g. Asians, Africans, Arabs). No awareness or judgment about stereotypes was required. Participants were engaged in a fictitious task, ignoring the overall study's purpose. The results showed that Incongruent terminal words elicited a greater anterior N400 response (300-500 ms) compared to Congruent and Neutral words, reflecting a difficulty in integrating the information incongruent with pre-existing stereotypical knowledge. The participant's individual amplitude values of the N400-Difference Wave (Incongruent-Congruent), showed a direct correlation with the individual racism scores obtained at the Subtle and Blatant Prejudice Scale, administered at the end of the experimental session. Intra-cortical sources explaining the N400 involved areas of the social cognition network such as the medial frontal cortex (BA10) and the inferior temporal gyrus (BA20) which are known to support processing of information about other people and impression formation. Moreover, Congruent terminal words evoked a greater P300 response (500-600 ms) compared to the other conditions, possibly reflecting the merging of incoming inputs with anticipated semantic information. A late post-N400 frontal positivity (650-800 ms) was found to be larger to sentences concerning other-race characters (ether congruent or incongruent) compared to sentences involving own-race characters (neutral). The study corroborated the effectiveness of neurophysiological measures to assess implicit complex semantic representations and circumventing social desirability-related problems.

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An event-related potential paradigm for identifying (rare negative) attitude stimuli that people intentionally misreport

Cited by 5 publications

References 19 publications

Cerebral correlates of faking: evidence from a brief implicit association test on doping attitudes

Cerebral correlates of faking: evidence from a brief implicit association test on doping attitudes

Functional significance of the emotion-related late positive potential

Measuring implicit mental representations related to ethnic stereotypes with ERPs: An exploratory study

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