An Evaluation with Piglets of Bovine Milk, Hydrolyzed Bovine Milk, and Isolated Soybean Proteins Included in Infant Milk Formulas. I. Effect on Organ Development, Digestive Enzyme Activities, and Amino Acid Digestibility

Moughan, Paul J.; Pedraza, María José Salvador; Smith, W. C.; Williams, Megan; Wilson, Margaret N.

doi:10.1097/00005176-199004000-00020

Cited by 31 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…A similarity in the pattern of a few gastrointestinal hormones has been documented in infants fed human milk or hydrolyzed formula, with lower postprandial levels of motilin and neurotensin compared to infants fed an adapted formula [14]. Our data indicate that partially protein hydrolyzed formulae can ensure a normal (and even better) growth compared to intact protein milk feeding and confirm data by Moughan et al [24] in piglets.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Influence of Breast Feeding, and Adapted and Hydrolyzed Formulas on Biliary Bile Acids in Newborn Guinea Pigs

Colombo¹,

Setchell

Crosignani

et al. 2003

Neonatology

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Background: The type of feeding can differently influence bile acid ontogeny during the period of physiologic cholestasis that characterizes early human development. Aim: To investigate the effects of feeding from birth, conventional or partially protein hydrolyzed cow’s milk formulas were compared with breast milk regarding bile acid concentration and the composition of gallbladder bile in newborn guinea pigs. Methods: Forty newborn guinea pigs were allocated to one of three different feeding regimens: breast milk (n = 14), intact protein formula (n = 13) and partially protein hydrolyzed formula (n = 13). After 8 days, one third of the pups from each group was sacrificed; another third was sacrificed on the 14th day and the remainder on the 20th day of life. Bile acids in gallbladder bile were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and HPLC. Results: During the first 2 weeks of life, weight gain was significantly higher in breast-fed than in artificially fed pups. An age-related increase in total biliary bile acid concentrations was evident for breast-fed and hydrolyzed formula-fed animals, but not for those fed intact protein formula. Breast-fed animals had the highest total biliary bile acid concentrations on day 20 of life, with significant increases in chenodeoxycholic and 7-oxo-lithocholic acid concentrations, which were absent in the other two groups. Concentrations of 7-oxo-lithocholic acid on day 8 were significantly higher in animals fed intact protein formula compared with breast-fed and partially protein hydrolyzed formula-fed animals. Conclusions: In newborn guinea pigs, breast feeding is associated with a marked increase in biliary bile acid concentrations, which was not observed in artificially fed animals. The higher biliary bile acid concentrations and better weight gain in our breast-fed animals may reflect a greater feed efficiency associated with natural feeding. Biliary bile acid composition on day 8 suggests more rapid intestinal bacterial bile acid biotransformation in animals fed intact protein formula compared to other feeding regimens.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Influence of Breast Feeding, and Adapted and Hydrolyzed Formulas on Biliary Bile Acids in Newborn Guinea Pigs

Colombo¹,

Setchell

Crosignani

et al. 2003

Neonatology

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“…However, differences in the gastric emptying rates did not influence the secretion of the endogenous protein that remained stable for 6 h and did not increase after the meal. The influence of dietary proteins on pancreatic secretions has been debated, and their stimulatory effect remains controversial regarding both quantitative (38,39) and qualitative aspects (16,40), and a mild stimulation after casein ingestion could not be excluded (15).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequential release of milk protein–derived bioactive peptides in the jejunum in healthy humans

Boutrou

Gaudichon²,

Dupont³

et al. 2013

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

253

158

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Background:The digestive hydrolysis of dietary proteins leads to the release of peptides in the intestinal tract, where they may exert a variety of functions, but their characterization and quantification are difficult. Objectives: We aimed to characterize and determine kinetics of the formation of peptides present in the jejunum of humans who ingested casein or whey proteins by using mass spectrometry and to look for and quantify bioactive peptides. Design: Subjects were equipped with a double-lumen nasogastric tube that migrated to the proximal jejunum. A sample collection was performed for 6 h after the ingestion of 30 g 15 N-labeled casein (n = 7) or whey proteins (WPs; n = 6). Nitrogen flow rates were measured, and peptides were identified by using mass spectrometry. Results: After casein ingestion, medium-size peptides (750-1050 kDa) were released during 6 h, whereas larger peptides (1050-1800 kDa) were released from WPs in the first 3 h. A total of 356 and 146 peptides were detected and sequenced in the jejunum after casein and WP ingestion, respectively. b-casein was the most important precursor of peptides, including bioactive peptides with various activities. The amounts of b-casomorphins (b-casein 57-, 58-, 59-, and 60-66) and b-casein 108-113 released on the postprandial window were sufficient to elicit the biological action of these peptides (ie, opioid and antihypertensive, respectively). Conclusions: Clear evidence is shown of the presence of bioactive peptides in the jejunum of healthy humans who ingested casein. Our findings raise the question about the physiologic conditions under which these peptides can express their bioactivity in humans. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00862329.Am J Clin Nutr 2013;97:1314-23.

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“…The components contributing to the onset of the Metabolic Syndrome are discussed below. The pig as a biomedical model Piglets' GI tract has high anatomical and physiological similarity to humans Moughan and Rowan (1989), Moughan et al (1990 and, Rowan et al (1994), Darragh and Moughan (1995), Wu (1998), Reeds and Burrin (2000), Siggers et al (2008), Spurlock and Gabler (2008) The pig as a biomedical model Developmental programming of the metabolic syndrome Evidence from numerous epidemiological studies has suggested that there is a relationship between intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and the subsequent development of the metabolic syndrome (Hansen, 1999;Horvath and Bruning, 2006;Palinski, 2007;Taylor and Poston, 2007). Sheep, rats, guinea pigs and more recently pigs have extensively been used to investigate the mechanisms which link prenatal programming to adult diseases (Hoet and Hanson, 1999;Clarke et al, 2000;Poore and Fowden, 2004a).…”

Section: The Metabolic Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, pigs are an accepted and extensively used model for specific types of nutritional studies (Moughan and Rowan, 1989;Spurlock and Gabler, 2008). For example, pigs have been used to study protein digestion in human infants (Darragh and Moughan, 1995;Lin et al, 2009); digestibility of dietary amino acids (Rowan et al, 1994;Wu, 1998;Reeds and Burrin, 2000) and the effect of infant milk formulas on organ development and digestive enzyme activities (Moughan et al, 1990 and. A review of the pig as an experimental model for elucidating the mechanisms governing dietary influence on mineral absorption has recently been published by Patterson et al (2008), and so this aspect of digestion will not be considered herein.…”

Section: Digestive Physiology and Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porcine models for the metabolic syndrome, digestive and bone disorders: a general overview

Litten-Brown

Corson

Clarke

2010

Animal

146

136

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The aim of this review article is to provide an overview of the role of pigs as a biomedical model for humans. The usefulness and limitations of porcine models have been discussed in terms of metabolic, cardiovascular, digestive and bone diseases in humans. Domestic pigs and minipigs are the main categories of pigs used as biomedical models. One drawback of minipigs is that they are in short supply and expensive compared with domestic pigs, which in contrast cost more to house, feed and medicate. Different porcine breeds show different responses to the induction of specific diseases. For example, ossabaw minipigs provide a better model than Yucatan for the metabolic syndrome as they exhibit obesity, insulin resistance and hypertension, all of which are absent in the Yucatan. Similar metabolic/physiological differences exist between domestic breeds (e.g. Meishan v. Pietrain). The modern commercial (e.g. Large White) domestic pig has been the preferred model for developmental programming due to the 2-to 3-fold variation in body weight among littermates providing a natural form of foetal growth retardation not observed in ancient (e.g. Meishan) domestic breeds. Pigs have been increasingly used to study chronic ischaemia, therapeutic angiogenesis, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and abdominal aortic aneurysm as their coronary anatomy and physiology are similar to humans. Type 1 and II diabetes can be induced in swine using dietary regimes and/or administration of streptozotocin. Pigs are a good and extensively used model for specific nutritional studies as their protein and lipid metabolism is comparable with humans, although pigs are not as sensitive to protein restriction as rodents. Neonatal and weanling pigs have been used to examine the pathophysiology and prevention/treatment of microbial-associated diseases and immune system disorders. A porcine model mimicking various degrees of prematurity in infants receiving total parenteral nutrition has been established to investigate gut development, amino acid metabolism and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Endoscopic therapeutic methods for upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding are being developed. Bone remodelling cycle in pigs is histologically more similar to humans than that of rats or mice, and is used to examine the relationship between menopause and osteoporosis. Work has also been conducted on dental implants in pigs to consider loading; however with caution as porcine bone remodels slightly faster than human bone. We conclude that pigs are a valuable translational model to bridge the gap between classical rodent models and humans in developing new therapies to aid human health.

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An Evaluation with Piglets of Bovine Milk, Hydrolyzed Bovine Milk, and Isolated Soybean Proteins Included in Infant Milk Formulas. I. Effect on Organ Development, Digestive Enzyme Activities, and Amino Acid Digestibility

Cited by 31 publications

References 0 publications

Influence of Breast Feeding, and Adapted and Hydrolyzed Formulas on Biliary Bile Acids in Newborn Guinea Pigs

Influence of Breast Feeding, and Adapted and Hydrolyzed Formulas on Biliary Bile Acids in Newborn Guinea Pigs

Sequential release of milk protein–derived bioactive peptides in the jejunum in healthy humans

Porcine models for the metabolic syndrome, digestive and bone disorders: a general overview

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