An Evaluation of the Strong Ground Motion Recorded During the May 1, 2003 Bingöl Turkey, Earthquake

Akkar, Sinan; Gülkan, Polat

doi:10.1080/13632460509350538

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…3 for 1.00 sec), and thus it is periods of greatest correlation between components that control the value of h min . The strong linear polarization tends to occur at moderate to long periods, although the periods at which it occurs can be quite variable (being near 1 sec for the Pacoima Dam recording of the 1971 San Fernando earthquake but periods on the order of 10 sec for other earthquakes, such as the 1999 Hector Mine earthquake ( [Boore et al, 2002] and the 2003 Bingöl earthquake [Akkar et al, [2005]). …”

Section: Gmrotipp: Orientation-independent Geometric Mean Using Perimentioning

confidence: 98%

Orientation-Independent Measures of Ground Motion

Boore¹

2006

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America

383

235

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The geometric mean of the response spectra for two orthogonal horizontal components of motion, commonly used as the response variable in predictions of strong ground motion, depends on the orientation of the sensors as installed in the field. This means that the measure of ground-motion intensity could differ for the same actual ground motion. This dependence on sensor orientation is most pronounced for strongly correlated motion (the extreme example being linearly polarized motion), such as often occurs at periods of 1 sec or longer. We propose two new measures of the geometric mean, GMRotDpp, and GMRotIpp, that are independent of the sensor orientations. Both are based on a set of geometric means computed from the as-recorded orthogonal horizontal motions rotated through all possible nonredundant rotation angles. GMRotDpp is determined as the ppth percentile of the set of geometric means for a given oscillator period. For example, GMRotD00, GMRotD50, and GMRotD100 correspond to the minimum, median, and maximum values, respectively. The rotations that lead to GMRotDpp depend on period, whereas a single-period-independent rotation is used for GMRotIpp, the angle being chosen to minimize the spread of the rotation-dependent geometric mean (normalized by GMRotDpp) over the usable range of oscillator periods. GMRotI50 is the groundmotion intensity measure being used in the development of new ground-motion prediction equations by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Center Next Generation Attenuation project.Comparisons with as-recorded geometric means for a large dataset show that the new measures are systematically larger than the geometric-mean response spectra using the as-recorded values of ground acceleration, but only by a small amount (less than 3%). The theoretical advantage of the new measures is that they remove sensor orientation as a contributor to aleatory uncertainty. Whether the reduction is of practical significance awaits detailed studies of large datasets. A preliminary analysis contained in a companion article by Beyer and Bommer finds that the reduction is small-to-nonexistent for equations based on a wide range of magnitudes and distances. The results of Beyer and Bommer do suggest, however, that there is an increasing reduction as period increases. Whether the reduction increases with other subdivisions of the dataset for which strongly correlated motions might be expected (e.g., pulselike motions close to faults) awaits further analysis.

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Section: Gmrotipp: Orientation-independent Geometric Mean Using Perimentioning

confidence: 98%

Orientation-Independent Measures of Ground Motion

Boore¹

2006

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America

383

235

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“…To implement the procedure we used the ground motions presented in Table 1. We chose these records for several reasons: the 1999 Chi-Chi records are large amplitude and are known to have linear trends in the ZOC velocity; the other records, from earthquakes in Turkey, are smaller in amplitude but also have linear trends in velocity (see Akkar et al, 2005, for an in depth analysis of the Bingöl record). For each record we determined t BLb , t BLe , a f , and vt BLe .…”

Section: Baseline Corrections and Estimation Of Elastic Spectra And Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

On Baseline Corrections and Uncertainty in Response Spectrafor Baseline Variations Commonly Encounteredin Digital Accelerograph Records

Akkar¹,

Boore²

2009

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America

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Most digital accelerograph recordings are plagued by long-period drifts, best seen in the velocity and displacement time series obtained from integration of the acceleration time series. These drifts often result in velocity values that are nonzero near the end of the record. This is clearly unphysical and can lead to inaccurate estimates of peak ground displacement and long-period spectral response. The source of the long-period noise seems to be variations in the acceleration baseline in many cases. These variations could be due to true ground motion (tilting and rotation, as well as local permanent ground deformation), instrumental effects, or analog-to-digital conversion. Very often the trends in velocity are well approximated by a linear trend after the strong shaking subsides. The linearity of the trend in velocity implies that no variations in the baseline could have occurred after the onset of linearity in the velocity time series. This observation, combined with the lack of any trends in the pre-event motion, allows us to compute the time interval in which any baseline variations could occur. We then use several models of the variations in a Monte Carlo procedure to derive a suite of baseline-corrected accelerations for each noise model using records from the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake and several earthquakes in Turkey. Comparisons of the mean values of the peak ground displacements, spectral displacements, and residual displacements computed from these corrected accelerations for the different noise models can be used as a guide to the accuracy of the baseline corrections. For many of the records considered here the mean values are similar for each noise model, giving confidence in the estimation of the mean values. The dispersion of the ground-motion measures increases with period and is noise-model dependent. The dispersion of inelastic spectra is greater than the elastic spectra at short periods but approaches that of the elastic spectra at longer periods. The elastic spectra from the most basic processing, in which only the pre-event mean is removed from the acceleration time series, do not diverge from the baseline-corrected spectra until periods of 10-20 sec or more for the records studied here, implying that for many engineering purposes elastic spectra can be used from records with no baseline correction or filtering.

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“…The Bingöl earthquake struck with a magnitude M w = 6.4, reported peak ground acceleration (PGA) 0.556 g and PGV 34.5 cm/s [50]. Moreover, studies by Akkar et al [51] and Harirchian et al [12] provide detailed technical information about the characteristics of the Bingöl earthquake and the information about the observed buildings, respectively. A report from the observed damage to the buildings in different places in Bingöl stated that damages were mostly due to the properties of structures, and not due to the foundation conditions or any ground deformation [52].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Rapid Visual Earthquake Hazard Safety Evaluation of Existing Buildings Using a Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Model

Harirchian

Lahmer

2020

Applied Sciences

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Rapid Visual Screening (RVS) is a procedure that estimates structural scores for buildings and prioritizes their retrofit and upgrade requirements. Despite the speed and simplicity of RVS, many of the collected parameters are non-commensurable and include subjectivity due to visual observations. This might cause uncertainties in the evaluation, which emphasizes the use of a fuzzy-based method. This study aims to propose a novel RVS methodology based on the interval type-2 fuzzy logic system (IT2FLS) to set the priority of vulnerable building to undergo detailed assessment while covering uncertainties and minimizing their effects during evaluation. The proposed method estimates the vulnerability of a building, in terms of Damage Index, considering the number of stories, age of building, plan irregularity, vertical irregularity, building quality, and peak ground velocity, as inputs with a single output variable. Applicability of the proposed method has been investigated using a post-earthquake damage database of reinforced concrete buildings from the Bingöl and Düzce earthquakes in Turkey.

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An Evaluation of the Strong Ground Motion Recorded During the May 1, 2003 Bingöl Turkey, Earthquake

Cited by 17 publications

References 23 publications

Orientation-Independent Measures of Ground Motion

Orientation-Independent Measures of Ground Motion

On Baseline Corrections and Uncertainty in Response Spectrafor Baseline Variations Commonly Encounteredin Digital Accelerograph Records

Improved Rapid Visual Earthquake Hazard Safety Evaluation of Existing Buildings Using a Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Model

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