An Evaluation of the Semi-VOST Method for Determining Emissions from Hazardous Waste Incinerators

Margeson, John H.; Knoll, J.; Midgett, M.R.; Wagoner, D.E.; Rice, John; Homolya, James B.

doi:10.1080/08940630.1987.10466305

Cited by 6 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The above investigations reveal the reason for the low or inconsistent recoveries of pentachlorophenol from XAD-2 reported in the literature (5,9,10), where the sampling of flue gas was carried out after the scrubber. The above investigations reveal the reason for the low or inconsistent recoveries of pentachlorophenol from XAD-2 reported in the literature (5,9,10), where the sampling of flue gas was carried out after the scrubber.…”

Section: Effect Of Hcl On the Soxhlet Extraction Of Cps From Xad-2mentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Distribution coefficients of CPs were strongly dependent on pH of the aqueous phase with pK a values of CPs in the 4.7-9.4 range (18). Interestingly, in the relation to the MM5 train analysis, recovery values of CPs from acidic and neutral synthetic condensate using dichloromethane have been reported as 62-68% (10). Interestingly, in the relation to the MM5 train analysis, recovery values of CPs from acidic and neutral synthetic condensate using dichloromethane have been reported as 62-68% (10).…”

Section: Effect Of Hcl On the Soxhlet Extraction Of Cps From Xad-2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, in the relation to the MM5 train analysis, recovery values of CPs from acidic and neutral synthetic condensate using dichloromethane have been reported as 62-68% (10). The analytical procedures in the literature often entailed the laborious sequential extractions of condensate and ethylene glycol at very low (5,6,9,10), neutral (5,6), and very high (5,6,9,10) pH in order to completely recover all the semivolatile organic compounds (CPs, PAHs, CBs/PCBs, and PCDDs/PCDFs). The analytical procedures in the literature often entailed the laborious sequential extractions of condensate and ethylene glycol at very low (5,6,9,10), neutral (5,6), and very high (5,6,9,10) pH in order to completely recover all the semivolatile organic compounds (CPs, PAHs, CBs/PCBs, and PCDDs/PCDFs).…”

Section: Effect Of Hcl On the Soxhlet Extraction Of Cps From Xad-2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A laboratory evaluation of the MM5 sampling of simulated flue gas has been reported (9,10) where water vapor, HCl, SO 2 , and NO x were added to the sample matrix. Pentachlorophenol was not consistently recovered (0-147%) (9,10). Pentachlorophenol was not consistently recovered (0-147%) (9,10).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effect of Hydrochloric Acid on Sampling and Analysis of Semivolatile Organic Compounds in Incineration Flue Gas. 1. Chlorophenols

Tan

Liem

1996

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The recoveries of 16 isomers of chlorophenols (CPs) from the adsorbent (XAD-2) of the MM5 train are affected by hydrochloric acid (HCl) present in the incinerator flue gas. At 2.05 and 5.53 mg/L in flue gas, HCl caused desorption of CPs from XAD-2. The desorption is dependent upon the number of chloro substituents in the CPs. The Soxhlet extraction behaviors of CPs from XAD-2 in the presence or the absence of HCl were also studied in the laboratory. The results explain the previously reported low recovery of pentachlorophenol from XAD-2 when the flue gas contained none or very low concentrations of HCl. An extraction procedure for complete CPs recoveries from XAD-2 is proposed that involved two sequential extractions: first with dichloromethane and then with the addition of 1.0 mL of 1.0 M aqueous HCl on XAD-2 and followed by the subsquent extraction with dichloromethane. This procedure does not affect other semivolatile compounds on XAD-2 and leads to [13C6]pentachlorophenol surrogate recovery of 90 ± 6%. An extraction anomaly of CPs using dichloromethane from the combined synthetic acidic condensate and acidic ethylene glycol is presented. Toluene is suggested as the solvent for complete CPs extraction from the combined liquids. This acid effect led to a suggestion of using at least one surrogate isomer for each CP group on XAD-2 of the MM5 train.

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Section: Effect Of Hcl On the Soxhlet Extraction Of Cps From Xad-2mentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Effect Of Hcl On the Soxhlet Extraction Of Cps From Xad-2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effect Of Hcl On the Soxhlet Extraction Of Cps From Xad-2mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Hydrochloric Acid on Sampling and Analysis of Semivolatile Organic Compounds in Incineration Flue Gas. 1. Chlorophenols

Tan

Liem

1996

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…The reference method required extraction of semivolatile organic compounds from condensate or ethylene glycol solutions to be carried out at low (8,(27)(28)(29), neutral (8,27), and high (8,(27)(28)(29) pH values. The above results show acceptable CBs/PCBs recoveries from the combined condensate and ethylene glycol at acidic or nearly neutral pH.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Hydrochloric Acid on Sampling and Analysis of Semivolatile Organic Compounds in Incineration Flue Gas. 3. Chlorobenzenes and Polychlorinated Biphenyls

Tan

Liem

1997

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The effect of hydrochloric acid (HCl) at 0.17, 2.05, and 5.53 mg/L in incineration flue gas on the recoveries of nine congeners and isomers of dichloro-to hexachlorobenzenes (CBs) and nine congeners of dichloro-to decachlorobiphenyls (PCBs) from XAD-2 adsorbent of the MM5 (Modified Method 5) train was investigated. At constant concentrations of moisture (14%), carbon dioxide (7%), and oxygen (10%), 2.05 and 5.53 mg/L HCl in flue gas decreased the recoveries of dichloro-, trichloro-, and tetrachlorobenzenes. At 5.53 mg/L HCl, the decrease in recoveries of these compounds was 23-40%. The lower the number of the chloro substituents of the CBs, the greater the acid effect was. Pentachloro-and hexachlorobenzenes were not affected, and the mean recoveries were 93 ( 4 and 92 ( 8%, respectively. This acid effect on dichloro-to tetrachlorobenzenes occurred during sample processing in which the CBs/PCBs on XAD-2 containing acid and moisture were Soxhlet extracted using dichloromethane. PCBs were not affected, and the mean recovery was 100 ( 6%. The best recoveries for the liquid-liquid extraction of CBs/PCBs using toluene from the combined synthetic acidic condensate and ethylene glycol of the MM5 train were obtained at acidic and nearly neutral pH. A base effect was observed at pH > 7. The implications of an acid effect on the selection of surrogates and interpretation of analytical results for MM5 sampling and analysis were discussed.

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Semivolatile Organic Compounds in the Atmosphere

Harkov

1989

The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry

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An Evaluation of the Semi-VOST Method for Determining Emissions from Hazardous Waste Incinerators

Cited by 6 publications

References 3 publications

Effect of Hydrochloric Acid on Sampling and Analysis of Semivolatile Organic Compounds in Incineration Flue Gas. 1. Chlorophenols

Effect of Hydrochloric Acid on Sampling and Analysis of Semivolatile Organic Compounds in Incineration Flue Gas. 1. Chlorophenols

Effect of Hydrochloric Acid on Sampling and Analysis of Semivolatile Organic Compounds in Incineration Flue Gas. 3. Chlorobenzenes and Polychlorinated Biphenyls

Semivolatile Organic Compounds in the Atmosphere

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