An Evaluation of the Performance of Sea Ice Thickness Forecasts to Support Arctic Marine Transport

Bilge, Tarkan Aslan; Fournier, Nicolas; Mignac, Davi; Hume-Wright, Laura; Bertino, Laurent; Williams, Timothy; Tietsche, Steffen

doi:10.3390/jmse10020265

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…Zoea III (Figure 2c) has a carapace, antenna, mandibles, maxillule, and telson proportionally higher than those of Zoea II, but otherwise unchanged [73]. All maxillipeds have eight setae, thus the setal formula is (8,8,8) [75]. The elongated telson is divided, demonstrating the rise to the sixth abdominal segment.…”

Section: Larval Morphology Of Rck In the Barents Seamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zoea IV (Figure 2d) has a carapace, antenna, mandibles, maxillule, and telson proportionally higher than those of Zoea III, but otherwise unchanged [73]. The Mxp setal formula is (8,8,8) [75]. Thoracic appendages are visible below the carapace, and the first has a definite cheliped [67,72].…”

Section: Larval Morphology Of Rck In the Barents Seamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent studies have documented a dramatic reduction in the Arctic sea-ice coverage during the summer period [4][5][6]. The sea-ice retreat has resulted in large areas of the Arctic Ocean becoming more accessible that led to increased human activities [5][6][7][8]. Other reported climatic changes include the freshening of surface waters and their warming associated with enhanced river discharge and ice melting [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ecology and Distribution of Red King Crab Larvae in the Barents Sea: A Review

Dvoretsky

2022

Water

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The red king crab (RKC) is a large invasive species inhabiting bottom communities in the Barents Sea. Larval stages of RKC play an important role in determining the spread and recruitment of the population in the coastal waters. We present a review of studies concerned with the ecology of RKC larvae in the Barents Sea focusing on their dynamics and role in the trophic food webs as well as on the role of environmental factors in driving RKC zoeae. Zoeal stages are larger, and their development time is shorter in the Barents Sea compared to the North Pacific. RKC larvae appear in late January–February and can be found in the coastal plankton until mid-July. Mass hatching of RKC larvae in the Barents Sea starts in late March-early April. The highest densities of RKC larvae are located in small semi-enclosed bays and inlets with weak water exchange or local eddies as well as in inner parts of fjords. Size structures of the zoeal populations are similar in the inshore waters to the west of Kola Bay but slightly differ from those in more eastern regions. RKC larvae perform daily vertical migrations and move to deeper depths during bright daylight hours and tend to rise during night hours. RKC larvae are plankton feeders that ingest both phyto- and zooplankton. A set of environmental variables including food conditions, water temperature, and advective influence are the most important factors driving the spatial distribution, phenology, survival rates, development, growth, and interannual fluctuations of RKC larvae. Recent climatic changes in the Arctic may have both negative and positive consequences for RKC larvae.

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Section: Larval Morphology Of Rck In the Barents Seamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Larval Morphology Of Rck In the Barents Seamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ecology and Distribution of Red King Crab Larvae in the Barents Sea: A Review

Dvoretsky

2022

Water

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“…Ice conditions along the summer NSR are, thus, particularly dynamic, which makes ice forecasting a challenging task. On this shorter time scale (1-7 days ahead), there are fewer available studies on the performance and comparison of existing operational sea ice forecast models [17]. However, there are efforts to routinely monitor the forecast performance of some existing forecasts, such as in Melsom et al [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cost–Benefit Analysis of a Trans-Arctic Alternative Route to the Suez Canal: A Method Based on High-Fidelity Ship Performance, Weather, and Ice Forecast Models

Ding

Huang

et al. 2023

JMSE

Self Cite

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Climate change in recent years has produced viable shipping routes in the Arctic. However, critical uncertainties related to maritime operations in the Arctic make it difficult to predict ship speeds in ice and, thus, the voyage time and fuel costs. Cost–benefit analysis of alternative Arctic routes based on accurate environmental condition modeling is required. In this context, this paper presents a holistic approach that considers the major voyage-related costs of a trans-Arctic route as an alternative to the conventional routes via the Suez Canal Route (SCR) for existing merchant ships. This tool is based on high-fidelity models of ship performance, metocean forecasting, and a voyage optimization algorithm. Case studies are performed based on a general cargo vessel in operation to quantify realistic expenses inclusive of all the major operational, fuel, and voyage costs of the specific voyages. A comparison is made between the total costs of the trans-Arctic route and SCR for different seasons, which proves the economic feasibility of the trans-Arctic route. Overall, this work can provide valuable insights to help policymakers as well as shipbuilders, owners, and operators to assess the potential cost-effectiveness and sustainability of future Arctic shipping, thereby better developing future strategies.

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“…Sea ice occurs in approximately 10% of the world ocean’s surface, and the ice-covered area varies between 8 × 10 6 and 15 × 10 6 km 2 in the northern hemisphere [ 1 ]. An enormous amount of research effort on sea ice has focused on its impact on shipping safety and offshore platform risks [ 2 , 3 ]. With the increasing frequency of human activities in the polar region, the interaction between sea ice and the ecological environment has received increasing attention [ 4 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Trace Metals in Ice and Water of Liaodong Bay, China

Guo

Liu

Kong

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Trace metal pollution in coastal seas has been of great concern because of its persistence, toxicity, and biological accumulation through the food chain. The role of sea ice in trace metal transport and distribution in Liaodong Bay is still unknown. Sea ice and water samples were collected in Liaodong Bay in February 2021 to assess the distributions of Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn, Cr and Hg during the frozen season. Total dissolved (<0.45 μm) and particulate (>0.45 μm) heavy metal concentrations were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn and Cr) and atomic fluorescence spectrophotometer (Hg). The ice held significantly higher levels of total Cr when compared to water. There were no significant differences in total concentrations of Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn and Hg between water and ice samples. An analysis of dissolved-to-total metal ratios shows that all studied metals in the dissolved phase, except Hg, are found exclusively in Liaodong Bay nearshore ice as a result of desalination. Concentrations of particulate metals are higher in sea ice than in seawater due to suspended/bed sediment entrainment and atmospheric deposition. The partitioning coefficients of six trace metals are not increased with the increase in the concentration of particulate matter in sea ice due to sediment accumulation. The redistribution of trace metals between seawater and ice was a result of comprehensive effects of physico-chemical processes and environmental factors, such as chemical oxygen demand, salinity, and suspended particulate material.

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An Evaluation of the Performance of Sea Ice Thickness Forecasts to Support Arctic Marine Transport

Cited by 5 publications

References 36 publications

Ecology and Distribution of Red King Crab Larvae in the Barents Sea: A Review

Ecology and Distribution of Red King Crab Larvae in the Barents Sea: A Review

Cost–Benefit Analysis of a Trans-Arctic Alternative Route to the Suez Canal: A Method Based on High-Fidelity Ship Performance, Weather, and Ice Forecast Models

Distribution of Trace Metals in Ice and Water of Liaodong Bay, China

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