An Evaluation of the Parenteral Magnesium Load Test in Weanling Rats

Caddell, Joan L.; Heineman, Ellen F.; Reed, George F.

doi:10.1093/jn/114.7.1260

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Interestingly, addition of Mg2, to platelets gelfiltered in the absence of Mg2' and Ca2+ promotes optimal aggregation and secretion responses while Ca2+ promotes disaggregation (50,51 ). It is possible that an initial burst of Mg2+ provided by damaged cells, which contain intracellular Mg2+ concentrations in excess of 15 mM (25)(26)(27)(28), and exposure to type I collagen could collectively induce the aggregation response. Macrophages and neutrophils also become activated during this phase, extravasating through the blood vessel wall, surrounding tissue and into the wound site.…”

Section: 33 34)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shifts in the concentrations of magnesium and calcium in early porcine and rat wound fluids activate the cell migratory response.

Grzesiak¹,

Pierschbacher²

1995

J. Clin. Invest.

119

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Accruing evidence indicates that the levels of extracellular Mg2+ and Ca2+ can have a distinct impact on the adhesive and migratory activities of many cell types. The physiological relevance of these observations, however, has remained largely unexplored. In the present study, wound fluids collected throughout the early stages of cutaneous wound repair were examined for possible Mg2" and Ca2+ fluctuations. Early in the process, when cell migration into the wound site is initiated, Mg2+ is elevated and Ca2+ is reduced (Mg2+ :Ca2+ = 1). As wound healing progresses, wound fluid concentrations of Mg2+ and Ca2+ begin to return to normal plasma levels (Mg2+ :Ca2+ = 0.4). When macrophages, keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells were exposed to dialyzed wound fluid, the migration stimulated by undialyzed wound fluid was lost. Addition back to dialyzed wound fluid of 24 h, postinjury concentrations of Mg2+ and Ca2+ restored all migratory stimulus. This observed migration is approximately twofold greater than when normal plasma Mg2+ and Ca2+ concentrations are present. Changes in the levels of Mg2+ and Ca2+ in wound fluid occur during the same period that inflammatory cells, keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and neovasculature have been shown to migrate during wound healing in vivo. Together, these data suggest that the impact of these changes on integrins and E-cadherin may play a direct role in the activation and maintenance of the migratory phenotypes of the cells involved in the wound healing process. (J. Clin. Invest. 1995. 95:227-233.)

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Section: 33 34)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Under normal physiologic conditions the concentration of intracellular Mg2+ in the typical mammalian cell is reported to be between 15 and 30 mM and that of Ca2+ is only -1-2 mM (25)(26)(27)(28). On the other hand, extracellular levels of these two cations are about 1.0 and 2.5 mM, respectively (28,29).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shifts in the concentrations of magnesium and calcium in early porcine and rat wound fluids activate the cell migratory response.

Grzesiak¹,

Pierschbacher²

1995

J. Clin. Invest.

119

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“…The test is based on Urinary excretion of an intravenous 26 Mg dose MK Wälti et al normal kidney regulation of body stores of Mg, excreting an excess in the normal subject and retaining the mineral in deficiency (Caddell et al, 1984). Moreover, rat studies have demonstrated that tissues from Mg-deficient rats had a higher Mg uptake after intraperitoneal injection of 28 Mg than controls (Caddell et al, 1981).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary excretion of an intravenous 26Mg dose as an indicator of marginal magnesium deficiency in adults

et al. 2005

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Background: Measurement of magnesium (Mg) status is problematic because tissue Mg deficiency can be present without low serum Mg concentrations. Objective: To evaluate a modified version of the Mg retention test using stable isotopes for the assessment of Mg status in general, and the detection of marginal Mg deficiency in particular. Design: A modified version of the Mg retention test using a small dose of 26 Mg was evaluated for assessment of Mg status in 22 healthy subjects. Muscle Mg concentration was used as reference for Mg status. A muscle biopsy was taken from the lateral portion of the quadriceps muscle from each subject. After 2 to 4 weeks, 11 mg of 26 Mg (as MgCl 2 in 14 ml water) were injected i.v. over a period of 10 min and all urine was collected for the following 24 h. Excretion of the isotopic label was expressed as percentage of the administered dose excreted in urine within 24 h. Results: Mean7s.d. Mg concentration in muscle was 3.8570.17 mmol/100 g fat-free dried solids. Mean7s.d. excretion of the injected dose within 24 h was 7.972.1%. No correlation was found between muscle Mg concentration and excretion of the isotopic label (r 2 ¼ 0.061, P ¼ 0.27). Conclusions: In this study, urinary excretion of an intravenous Mg tracer was not influenced by muscle Mg concentration and its usefulness for the detection of marginal Mg deficiency could therefore not be demonstrated. Sponsorship:

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“…121 The CMS creates relatively strong obligations, but is tempered by words and phrases such as 'whenever possible and appropriate', 'promote', 'endeavour', 'to the extent feasible and appropriate' which are open to interpretation. 122 Moreover, enabling minimisation as an alternative to avoidance, regarding activities that seriously impact migration, reduces the strength of any obligation. The restrictions listed in Article III apply to Appendix I species and do not benefit the case study species in this research.…”

Section: The Cms Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Reduced Effect of International Conservation Agreements: A New Zealand Case Study

Wallace

2015

J Environmental Law

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Despite proliferation of law and policy directed at halting global biodiversity decline, it is a common concern that decline continues. Using a case study of six New Zealand birds, this article demonstrates reasons for the reduced effect of the law in the context of three international agreements: the Convention on Wetlands of International Importance; the Convention on Biological Diversity; and the Convention on Migratory Species of Wild Animals. The article concludes that the agreements are deficient in terms of obligation and consistency, and that these deficiencies are compounded by insufficient implementation and siloed approaches at the national level. Success is also compromised by the ways in which the law privileges resource use to the detriment of species due to insufficient environment standards, sectoral defences, and widespread externalities. Ironically for birds, mobility which in evolutionary terms has been a survival strategy, may become a liability in the Anthropocene.

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An Evaluation of the Parenteral Magnesium Load Test in Weanling Rats

Cited by 8 publications

References 16 publications

Shifts in the concentrations of magnesium and calcium in early porcine and rat wound fluids activate the cell migratory response.

Shifts in the concentrations of magnesium and calcium in early porcine and rat wound fluids activate the cell migratory response.

Urinary excretion of an intravenous 26Mg dose as an indicator of marginal magnesium deficiency in adults

The Reduced Effect of International Conservation Agreements: A New Zealand Case Study

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