An evaluation of the hand and nasal flora of Turkish nursing students after clinical practice

Akpinar, Reva Balci; Çelebioğlu, Ayda; Uslu, Hakan; Uyanık, Muhammet Hamidullah

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2008.02514.x

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Hence it may not represent the total bacterial load of the hand. While there are many methods of hand sampling described in the literature, this method of taking hand swabs was used in a study of hand flora in Turkish nurses [23]. The mean CFU count of both right and left hands of the students was significantly higher after toilet use compared to the baseline bacterial load on hands before toilet use (Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test, right hand P = 0.001, left hand P = 0.003).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study on Hand Contamination and Hand Washing Practices among Medical Students

et al. 2012

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Harmful microorganisms can be transferred to hands from contaminated surfaces people come into contact in daily life. Contaminated hands can transmit disease to one self as well as to others. A study was done to determine the extent to which hand hygiene practices and toilet door knobs contribute to the bacterial load of hands of toilet users in a medical school. Swabs were taken from a randomly selected sample of 60 medical students for bacterial count from both hands before and after toilet use and from door knobs of six toilets. Only 40 (66.7%) claimed they washed hands with soap. Significantly more females (83%) used soap to wash hands compared to males (50%). Bacterial load in the hands of both males and females showed an increase after toilet use. The increase was significant among male students. The dominant hand had a significantly higher bacterial load than the other. The mean bacterial load of male toilet door knobs (12 CFU/cm 2 ) were significantly higher than of female toilet door knobs (2.5 CFU/cm 2 ) (P < 0.05). Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from the hands of 21 students. Toilets and washrooms should be designed so as to eliminate the sources of contamination of the hands.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study on Hand Contamination and Hand Washing Practices among Medical Students

et al. 2012

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“…Coagulase negative staphylococcus remain known members of the normal flora of the human skin, nasal and oral cavity (51)(52)(53). The isolation of coagulase negative staphylococcus from the inner-and outer-surfaces of face-masks in this study could be attributed to several factors that could include among others: face-masks aerodynamic features that could result in a turbulent jet due to leakage of air around the edge of the face-mask that could consequently contaminate the outer-surfaces of the face-mask, a thought shared by related studies (35) , as well as the possibility that the bacteria could have: been picked or originated from the skin, oral, nasal cavities of the wearers or even their hands during contact with the face-masks (53,54). These findings hence support the importance of hand hygiene after touching the surfaces of face-masks to ensure microbiological cleanliness of the face-masks.…”

Section: Distance W a S H I N G W I T H N O N -B A C T E R I A L S O mentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of face-masks used in Uganda: a laboratory-based inquiry during the COVID-19 pandemic

Mboowa

Semugenze

Nakabuye

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background With shortages of face-masks continuing to be reported worldwide, critical questions like whether or not there is an adequate alternative to commercially manufactured face-masks continue to linger especially in low- and middle- income settings. This study aimed at addressing this through testing and comparing various materials and forms of face-masks for filtration efficiency, breathability, microbial cleanliness, distance-dependent fitness, and re-usability of different face-masks procured from face-mask vendors in Kampala, Uganda. Methods This was a laboratory-based descriptive study that applied new protocols and already existing protocols with substantive modifications to ten different types of face-mask types each in quadruplicate to achieve each specified aim. Results Surgical face-masks had better filtration efficiency, distance-dependent fitness and breathability compared to other face-masks tested. Decontamination of these face-masks with 70% ethanol negatively affected their efficacy. Locally-made double layered face-masks had better: filtration efficiency, distance-dependent fitness and breathability compared to other locally-made cloth face-masks, and re-usability compared to all the face-mask types that had been tested. Discussion/conclusions Locally-made double layered cloth face-masks could serve as alternative face-masks especially for populations in low- and middle- income settings like Uganda while allowing restricted use of surgical face-masks and other respirators like the KN95 to high-risk groups only.

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“…Although several studies evaluated the prevalence of S . aureus and MRSA among medical students, showing carriage rates of 14–45% and 0–5.4%, respectively [ 8 ], few studies focused on nursing students [ 9 – 11 ]. Moreover, most of the studies were cross-sectional and only a minority evaluated the carriage rates in different phases of the medical or nursing education, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carriage of Staphylococcus aureus among Portuguese nursing students: A longitudinal cohort study over four years of education

2017

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BackgroundStaphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen that can colonize healthy people mainly in the anterior nares. The aim of the present study was to evaluate S. aureus nasal colonization over time among Portuguese nursing students, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA).Methods and findingsIn this longitudinal cohort study, we collected 280 nasal swabs from nursing students at 14 time points over four years of schooling (2012–2016). The isolates were characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), spa typing, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and SCCmec typing for MRSA.Among 47 students, 20 (43%) carried methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) at admission, but none was colonized with MRSA. A total of 19 students (40%) became colonized after exposure during the nursing training, out of which five carried MRSA. Overall, 39 students (83%) had S. aureus detected at least once during the study period. Among the 97 MSSA isolates, most (65%) belonged to four clones: PFGE A-ST30 (21%), B-ST72 (20%), C-ST508 (13%), and D-ST398 (11%). Three of the five MRSA carriers were colonized with the predominant clone circulating in Portuguese hospitals (ST22-IVh) and two with ST3162-II. Colonization of nursing students was highly dynamic with continuous appearance of strains with distinct PFGE types in the same individual.ConclusionsA considerable proportion of students became colonized by S. aureus, including MRSA, during the nursing education, evidencing this population represents an important reservoir of S. aureus. Therefore, education on infection control measures in nursing schools is of major importance.

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An evaluation of the hand and nasal flora of Turkish nursing students after clinical practice

Cited by 12 publications

References 10 publications

A Study on Hand Contamination and Hand Washing Practices among Medical Students

A Study on Hand Contamination and Hand Washing Practices among Medical Students

Efficacy of face-masks used in Uganda: a laboratory-based inquiry during the COVID-19 pandemic

Carriage of Staphylococcus aureus among Portuguese nursing students: A longitudinal cohort study over four years of education

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