An Evaluation of the Differential Partitioning and Separation of C<sub>60</sub>and C<sub>70</sub>Fullerenes in a Biphasic System Using Centrifugal Partition Chromatography (CPC)

Gasper, Mary P.; Berthod, Alain; Talabardon, K.; Armstrong, Daniel W.

doi:10.1080/10826079508010409

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…In the example proposed, the partition coefficients were measured in two-solvent biphasic liquid systems. The addition of small amounts of a third solvent can change dramatically the partition coefficient. ,,,,− The chromatographic selectivity can be adjusted using solvent mixtures, as recently described for fullerene separation by CCC. , The alkylbenzene homologues and PAHs partition coefficients could be measured by CCC with a biphasic liquid system made of more than two solvents. The furfural−DMSO−heptane system could be used, for example.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measurement of Partition Coefficients in Waterless Biphasic Liquid Systems by Countercurrent Chromatography

1996

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Countercurrent chromatography (CCC) is a chromatographic separation technique that uses a liquid as a stationary phase. Centrifugal forces are used to immobilize the liquid stationary phase when the liquid mobile phase is pushed through it. In CCC, the solutes are separated according to their liquid-liquid partition coefficients. The solutes studied were the alkylbenzene homologues from benzene to hexylbenzene and some polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from naphthalene to coronene. Their liquid-liquid partition coefficients were measured in the five waterless biphasic systems formed by heptane, as the apolar liquid phase of the five biphasic systems, and four dipolar aprotic solvents, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, furfural, and N-methylpyrrolidone, and the polar proton-donor solvent methanol. The coefficients were compared to the corresponding capacity factors obtained by classical liquid chromatography on octadecyl-bonded silica. For the five biphasic solvent systems studied, linear relationships were found between the partition coefficients and the sp(3) and sp(2) hybridized carbon atom number for the alkylbenzene and PAH series, respectively. The sp(2) and sp(3) transfer energies were estimated, and their ratio was used to quantify the solvent selectivity toward aromatic extraction.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The vast majority of the biphasic liquid systems used in CCC contain water as one solvent. In this work, the capability of CCC to work with waterless biphasic liquid systems, which we introduced for fullerene separation, , was further investigated. In the petroleum industry, such systems are commonly used in the refining process of crude oils and distillates.…”

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Measurement of Partition Coefficients in Waterless Biphasic Liquid Systems by Countercurrent Chromatography

1996

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“…Nevertheless, CCC and its sister technique, CPC can be particularly useful for purifications in the extreme polar and non-polar range and some impressive examples have been published. In 1995, Gasper and co-workers managed to purify C 60 and C 70 fullerenes using the non-polar and non-aqueous solvent system of isooctane, dimethylformamide, 1,2-dichlorobenzene (4:2:1) plus 1 % tert -butylmethyl ether (Gasper et al 1995 ). Still at the non-polar end of the spectrum, the carotenoid lycopene was isolated from tomato paste using a non-aqueous phase system of n -hexane, dichloromethane and acetonitrile (10:3.5:6.5) (Wei et al 2001 ).…”

Section: Applications Of High Speed and High Performance CCCmentioning

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Counter-current chromatography for the separation of terpenoids: a comprehensive review with respect to the solvent systems employed

Skalicka-Woźniak

Garrard

2014

Phytochem Rev

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Natural products extracts are commonly highly complex mixtures of active compounds and consequently their purification becomes a particularly challenging task. The development of a purification protocol to extract a single active component from the many hundreds that are often present in the mixture is something that can take months or even years to achieve, thus it is important for the natural product chemist to have, at their disposal, a broad range of diverse purification techniques. Counter-current chromatography (CCC) is one such separation technique utilising two immiscible phases, one as the stationary phase (retained in a spinning coil by centrifugal forces) and the second as the mobile phase. The method benefits from a number of advantages when compared with the more traditional liquid–solid separation methods, such as no irreversible adsorption, total recovery of the injected sample, minimal tailing of peaks, low risk of sample denaturation, the ability to accept particulates, and a low solvent consumption. The selection of an appropriate two-phase solvent system is critical to the running of CCC since this is both the mobile and the stationary phase of the system. However, this is also by far the most time consuming aspect of the technique and the one that most inhibits its general take-up. In recent years, numerous natural product purifications have been published using CCC from almost every country across the globe. Many of these papers are devoted to terpenoids—one of the most diverse groups. Naturally occurring terpenoids provide opportunities to discover new drugs but many of them are available at very low levels in nature and a huge number of them still remain unexplored. The collective knowledge on performing successful CCC separations of terpenoids has been gathered and reviewed by the authors, in order to create a comprehensive document that will be of great assistance in performing future purifications.

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An Evaluation of the Differential Partitioning and Separation of C₆₀and C₇₀Fullerenes in a Biphasic System Using Centrifugal Partition Chromatography (CPC)

Cited by 2 publications

References 39 publications

Measurement of Partition Coefficients in Waterless Biphasic Liquid Systems by Countercurrent Chromatography

Measurement of Partition Coefficients in Waterless Biphasic Liquid Systems by Countercurrent Chromatography

Counter-current chromatography for the separation of terpenoids: a comprehensive review with respect to the solvent systems employed

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An Evaluation of the Differential Partitioning and Separation of C60and C70Fullerenes in a Biphasic System Using Centrifugal Partition Chromatography (CPC)

Cited by 2 publications

References 39 publications

Measurement of Partition Coefficients in Waterless Biphasic Liquid Systems by Countercurrent Chromatography

Measurement of Partition Coefficients in Waterless Biphasic Liquid Systems by Countercurrent Chromatography

Counter-current chromatography for the separation of terpenoids: a comprehensive review with respect to the solvent systems employed

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An Evaluation of the Differential Partitioning and Separation of C₆₀and C₇₀Fullerenes in a Biphasic System Using Centrifugal Partition Chromatography (CPC)