An evaluation of the closed mouth mandibular block technique

Efficacy of the Gow-Gates and Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block Techniques in Providing Anesthesia During Surgical Removal of Impacted Lower Third Molar: A Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial

“…The finding of Yamada and Jasstak (10) were similar to the current study; however, the perceived injection pain was the same with both techniques in most studies (22)(23)(24).…”

Comparison of the Anesthetic Efficacy of the Conventional Inferior Alveolar, Gow-Gates, and Vazirani-Akinosi Techniques

“…Reasons for failure of the Gow-Gates technique include directing the needle too far laterally and too far superiorly (2) and the diffusion of the anesthetic solution medially, which might be limited by the lateral pterygoid muscle and its associated fascia (23). Donkor et al (16) found that 13% of the subjects given the Vazirani-Akinosi nerve block required an additional block injection before inferior alveolar nerve anesthesia was obtained. They believed that failure with the Vazirani-Akinosi technique was related to the lack of bony landmarks in the target area, which made depth of needle insertion somewhat variable (16).…”

“…Donkor et al (16) found that 13% of the subjects given the Vazirani-Akinosi nerve block required an additional block injection before inferior alveolar nerve anesthesia was obtained. They believed that failure with the Vazirani-Akinosi technique was related to the lack of bony landmarks in the target area, which made depth of needle insertion somewhat variable (16). In 7 of the Gow-Gates injections, the neck of the condyle was not contacted with the needle, but all of these injections resulted in lip numbness within 21 minutes, demonstrating that anesthetic solution was most likely deposited in the pterygomandibular space.…”

Superior position of the mandibular foramen and the necessary alterations in the local anaesthetic technique: a case report

“…A lower incidence of positive aspirations has been reported with the Akinosi technique (2%) compared to the standard technique (22%). 9 Figures 4, 5 and 6 demonstrate the approach required. With the mouth closed the dentist retracts the tissues of the cheek.…”