An Evaluation of Sputum Examination in Chronic Bronchitis

Brumfitt, W.; Willoughby, M. L. N.; Bromley, L. L.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(57)91637-9

Cited by 116 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…For several years, it has been believed that COPD patients had their distal airways colonized by bacteria [3,4,12]. In addition, an increase in the airway bacterial burden was a constant feature during exacerbations [15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, an increase in the airway bacterial burden was a constant feature during exacerbations [15]. However, this general conviction comes from studies that have used diagnostic methods with high risk of oropharyngeal microbial contamination, such as sputum cultures [3]. A recent article from MONSO et al [15], using fibreoptic PSB samples, demonstrated that 25% of 40 stable COPD patients had colonization of the distal airways (cut-off ≥10 3 cfu·mL -1 ), although they did not distinguish potential pathogenic from nonpotential pathogenic microorganisms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, when mechanical airway defences are altered, as occurs in chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchiectasis or bronchial obstruction, or there is a bypass of oropharyngeal defences, e.g. in tracheostomized patients, the distal airways may become colonized by potential pathogenic microorganisms (PPMs) and non-potential pathogenic microorganisms (non-PPMs) [3][4][5]. The importance of airway bacterial colonization in these populations is not clearly understood, but it has been speculated, particularly in COPD patients, that the persistence of microorganisms in distal airways could worsen the evolution of the chronic underlying disease [6][7][8].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have demonstrated frequent airway colonization in stable COPD and bronchiectatic patients [1,3,4,11,12]. The information regarding distal airway colonization in tracheostomized patients or those with bronchogenic carcinoma is scarce.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Bacterial colonization of distal airways in healthy subjects and chronic lung disease: a bronchoscopic study

Cabello

Torres²,

Celis³

et al. 1997

Eur Respir J

262

216

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In contrast to the healthy population, distal airway bacterial colonization may occur in patients with chronic lung diseases, who often have altered pulmonary defences. However, the information dealing with this issue is insufficient and is based mainly on nonspecific samples, such as sputum cultures.Using quantitative cultures of bronchoscopic protected specimen brush (PSB) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples, we studied the bacterial colonization of distal airways in 16 healthy subjects, 33 patients with bronchogenic carcinoma, 18 with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), 17 with bronchiectasis, and 32 with a long-term tracheostomy due to laryngeal carcinoma. All patients were without exacerbation, and free from antibiotic treatment at least 1 month before the study protocol. Thresholds for quantitative cultures to define colonization were ≥10 2 colony-forming units (cfu)·mL -1 for PSB and ≥10 3 cfu·mL -1 for BAL.Only one healthy subject was colonized by a potential pathogenic microorganism (PPM) (Staphylococcus aureus 4×10 2 cfu·mL -1 in a PSB culture). Colonization was observed in 14 (42%) bronchogenic carcinoma patients (19 non-PPMs, and 10 PPMs); in 15 (83%) COPD patients (22 non-PPMs and 7 PPMs); in 15 (88%) bronchiectasis patients (20 non-PPMs and 13 PPMs); and in 15 (47%) long-term tracheostomy patients (5 non-PPMs and 13 PPMs). The two most frequent nonPPMs isolated in all groups studied were Streptococcus viridans and Neisseria spp. Haemophilus spp., Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis were the most frequent PPMs isolated in bronchogenic carcinoma, COPD, bronchiectasis and long-term tracheostomized patients, respectively. Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization was infrequent in all the groups.Our results show that distal airway bacterial colonization is a frequent feature in stable patients with chronic lung diseases and also in patients with long-term tracheostomy. However, the pattern of colonization differs among groups studied. The knowledge of different colonization patterns may be important for future antibiotic prophylactic strategies and for the empirical antibiotic regimens when exacerbations occur in these patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bacterial colonization of distal airways in healthy subjects and chronic lung disease: a bronchoscopic study

Cabello

Torres²,

Celis³

et al. 1997

Eur Respir J

262

216

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“…[14][15][16] Although the effect of colonized bacteria on acute exacerbations is not yet clear, more recently, in the relationship between acute exacerbation and increased bacterial burden, the proliferation of new strains has been suggested. [17][18] From studies evaluating the parameters associated with bacterial colonization, a significant relationship was found between the frequency of exacerbations and increased colonization. 14,19 There are studies showing correlation between the decrease in FEV1 and the colonization.…”

Section: Etıology Of Exacerbatıonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease: Etiology and Treatment.

Aydemir¹

2014

Sakarya Med J

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Kronik obstrüktif Akciğer Hastalığı (KOAH), tüm dünyada ve ülkemizde sıklığı giderek artan bir küresel sağlık sorunudur. Acil servis başvuruları ve hastane yatışlarının önemli bir nedeni olan akut alevlenmeler, bu sorunun en büyük bileşenidir. Akut alevlenmeler, ağır solunum yetmezliğine gidiş sürecini hızlandırır, yüksek oranda mortalite ve morbidite nedenidir ve ülkelerin sağlık harcamalarında ciddi bir yük oluşturur. Alevlenmelerin etyolojisi ve tedavisi özellikle acil servisaile hekimleri, evde sağlık hizmeti sunucuları ve göğüs hastalıkları ile ilgilenen hekimlerce iyi bilinmelidir. Özet AbstractDerleme / Review

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Transtracheal Aspiration in Pulmonary Infection

Ries¹

1974

Arch Intern Med

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An Evaluation of Sputum Examination in Chronic Bronchitis

Cited by 116 publications

References 13 publications

Bacterial colonization of distal airways in healthy subjects and chronic lung disease: a bronchoscopic study

Bacterial colonization of distal airways in healthy subjects and chronic lung disease: a bronchoscopic study

Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease: Etiology and Treatment.

Transtracheal Aspiration in Pulmonary Infection

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