An Evaluation of Prevalence of Low Quality of Medicines in Saudi Arabia and Factors Associated an Analytical Comparative Study

Alhedethe, Abdulaziz; Alhudaithy, Khaled

doi:10.21767/2572-4657.100014

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The selection of solvent had a significant impact (p < 0.05) on the colony forming units (cfu) of various bacterial species (E. a Median values followed by the same letters in rows are not significantly different at α = 0.05. 1 Erythrinna abyssinica, 2 Aspilia pluriseta, 3 Vangueria infausta, 4 Ficus sycomonus, 5 Carissa edulis, k E. coli, t S. typhimurium, l V. cholerae, f S. flexineri, 6 Hexane extract, 7 Acetonoic extract, 8 Variation on the amount of extract obtained by different solvent is attributed to difference in their polarity [42]. This could be that the medicinal herbs contain a higher number of polar compounds.…”

Section: Effect Of Solvents Choice and Plant On Efficacy Of Plant's B...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…a Median values followed by the same letters in rows are not significantly different at α = 0.05. 1 Erythrinna abyssinica, 2 Aspilia pluriseta, 3 Vangueria infausta, 4 Ficus sycomonus, 5 Carissa edulis, k E. coli, t S. typhimurium, l V. cholerae, f S. flexineri, 6 Hexane extract, 7 Acetonoic extract, 8 Methanoic extract…”

Section: Effect Of Solvents Choice and Plant On Efficacy Of Plant's B...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Medicine is fundamental to healthcare in management and prevention of illnesses given that healthcare is a basic human need to reduce mortality and disease burdens [1] [2]. One of the key components of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals is to ensure universal access to safe, effective, and affordable medication [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Screening of Antimicrobial Activity of Poly Herbal Extracts against Bacterial Pathogens Causing Gastroenteritis in Tharaka Nithi County, Kenya

Kiteme

Onyango

Njagi

et al. 2023

SAJRM

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Herbals have been used for decades to treat gastrointestinal infections across the world, including in Tharaka-Nithi County, Kenya. Crude extracts from herbs have long been prescribed by traditional healers for treatment of typhoid, cholera, and shigellosis. However, the effectiveness of extracts obtained using different extraction solvents such as methanol, acetone, and hexane have not fully been evaluated. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of solvents (Ethanol, hexane, and methanol) on the yield of crude extract from plants (Erythrinna abyssinica, Aspilia pluriseta, Vangueria infausta, Ficus sycomorus, and Carissa edulis), assessing the effect of the solvents on extracted active metabolites, and determining the effect of these solvents on extract’s bioactivity against Vibrio cholerae, Shigella flexneri, and Salmonella typhimuriumi and, Escherichia coli that served as a model organism for screening plant extracts against Gram-negative bacteria. Crude extracts were obtained by soaking dried ground plant parts in individual solvents, which were then concentrated by a rotary evaporator. The phytochemical screening to detect plant metabolites was done qualitatively. Bioassays to analyze the efficacy of the plant crude extracts against the microbes were carried out in 4×3×3×5 factorial experiment laid out in a completely randomized design. The determination of bioactivity of herbal extracts was carried out using minimal inhibition concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration methods. Data obtained on the bioactivity assay (Count of the bacteria colony forming units) was analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test at α = 0.05, and medians were compared by the Wilcoxon rank sum test in Scientific Analysis System version 9.4. Methanol solvent produced higher quantities of crude extracts for all the herbal samples used with, Vangueria infausta producing the highest extract (5.06g). Most phytochemicals were present in Methanolic extracts compared to hexane and acetone extracts. There was a significant (p < 0.05) difference in the bioactivity of different herbal plants against bacterial pathogens at different concentrations of crude extract. The efficacy of plant extract increased progressively from 100ppm to 1000ppm concentration. Methanol is recommended for use in the extraction of medicinal plant extracts as it leads to improved potency as compared to hexane and acetone.

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Section: Effect Of Solvents Choice and Plant On Efficacy Of Plant's B...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effect Of Solvents Choice and Plant On Efficacy Of Plant's B...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Screening of Antimicrobial Activity of Poly Herbal Extracts against Bacterial Pathogens Causing Gastroenteritis in Tharaka Nithi County, Kenya

Kiteme

Onyango

Njagi

et al. 2023

SAJRM

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“…Good quality antibiotics kill the drug susceptible microbes, suppress multiplication of the drug resistant microbes, cure and/or halt progression of disease [11,12,13]. Poor quality antibiotics as substandard antibiotics selectively kill the susceptible strain and leaves resistant strain to multiply [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality of Different Brands of Metronidazole Benzoate Oral Suspensions Available at Jimma Town, Southwest Ethiopia: Pharmaceuticals Quality Study

Sosengo¹,

Adem²,

Abdella³

2021

JCLR

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Background: Poor quality drugs include substandard and counterfeit medicines. Poor quality antibiotics selectively kill the susceptible strain and leaves resistant strain to multiply. Metronidazole is a broad spectrum antibiotic whose effectiveness depends up on a dose administered to the patient. Objective: The aim of the study is to assess the quality of different brands of metronidazole Benzoate oral suspension available in Jimma town, West Ethiopia. Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted in Jimma town, West Ethiopia from Feb 08 – Mar 28, 2018. The assay result of all the seven brands of Metronidazole Benzoate oral suspensions was entered to statistical package for social sciences software version 24.0 for windows. Then, one way analysis of variance was performed using Tukey test to determine whether there exists significant difference in assay result of the brands (p<0.05). Result: All the seven Metronidazole benzoate oral suspensions assessed in this study passed British Pharmacopoeia 2013 specification of identity test of the drug. All the brands passed the assay test and total aerobic microbial count specification United States Pharmacopoeia 2015. The highest percentage of drug content was obtained for Metrolag, 105.56%, while the least content for Mizel, 93.12%. However, statistical comparison of drug contents at 95% confidence interval indicates that there is significant difference in drug content within and among the seven brands of Metronidazole benzoate oral suspensions (p<0.05). The pH of all the brands was with in United States Pharmacopoeia 2015 specification limit.

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An Evaluation of Prevalence of Low Quality of Medicines in Saudi Arabia and Factors Associated an Analytical Comparative Study

Cited by 2 publications

References 28 publications

Screening of Antimicrobial Activity of Poly Herbal Extracts against Bacterial Pathogens Causing Gastroenteritis in Tharaka Nithi County, Kenya

Screening of Antimicrobial Activity of Poly Herbal Extracts against Bacterial Pathogens Causing Gastroenteritis in Tharaka Nithi County, Kenya

Quality of Different Brands of Metronidazole Benzoate Oral Suspensions Available at Jimma Town, Southwest Ethiopia: Pharmaceuticals Quality Study

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