An Evaluation of Nitrogen Fertilization in Legume‐Grass and All‐Grass Pasture<sup>1</sup>

Wedin, W. F.; Donker, J.D.; Marten, G. C.

doi:10.2134/agronj1965.00021962005700020015x

Cited by 27 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Within the four mixtures, the three‐, six‐, and nine‐species mixtures had greater net returns per cow than the two‐species mixture. Wedin et al (18) reported that a simple mixture of one grass and one legume [alfalfa‐smooth bromegrass ( Bromus inermis Leyss.)] or grass+N (105 to 134 lb/acre) were more economical, in terms of milk production per acre, than a complex mixture of nine grasses and legumes.…”

Section: Whole‐farm Model Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our simulation results indicate that all forage mixtures were more economical, on a whole‐farm basis, than grass+N pasture. Milk production levels were low (35 lb/cow/day) in the Wedin et al (18) study and they conducted only a partial economic analysis. Milk production in our study was much higher (76 lb/day) and our economic analysis was more comprehensive and conducted at the whole‐farm scale, which may account for differences between the studies.…”

Section: Whole‐farm Model Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Economic Analysis of Forage Mixture Productivity in Pastures Grazed by Dairy Cattle

Sanderson

Corson

Rotz

et al. 2006

Forage & Grazinglands

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The botanical composition of complex forage mixtures can be unstable and may require frequent re‐establishment to maintain the desired mixture. We used a whole‐farm model (Integrated Farming System Model, IFSM) to simulate the costs and returns of establishing five types of pasture with stand lives of 3, 5, or 10 years. We compared four mixtures [two, three, six, or nine species of grasses, legumes, and chicory (Cichorium intybus L.)] and an orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerataL.)+N (150 lb/acre) pasture with a 10‐year stand life. The whole‐farm economic returns of these five pasture types were estimated for a representative 100‐cow dairy farm based on actual costs of establishment and pasture production from two published studies. Planting grass‐legume or grass‐legume‐chicory mixtures increased net returns per cow compared with the orchardgrass+N pasture. The increase in net return ranged from $57/cow for the two‐species mixture to $191/cow for the six‐species mixture with a 3‐year stand life. Corresponding values for a 5‐year stand life were $107 and $225, respectively, and for a 10‐year stand life were $136 and $246, respectively. The greater forage yields of the mixture compared with orchardgrass+N reduced purchased feed inputs and in some instances increased the income from forage sold off the farm. Production risk due to weather influences was up to 24% less for the forage mixtures compared with orchardgrass+N and risk decreased with increased stand life. Even with a shorter stand life, the grass‐legume‐chicory mixture was more profitable compared with a long‐lived and lower‐yielding orchardgrass+N pasture.

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Section: Whole‐farm Model Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Whole‐farm Model Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic Analysis of Forage Mixture Productivity in Pastures Grazed by Dairy Cattle

Sanderson

Corson

Rotz

et al. 2006

Forage & Grazinglands

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“…The few published studies on grazing forage mixtures have dealt mostly with mixtures of one grass and one legume, with contradictory results in both dairy cattle (Wedin et al 1965;Harris et al 1997;Phillips and James 1998;Rutter et al 2004) and sheep del Pozo et al 1997;Wright et al 2001).…”

Section: Mixed Swards and Grazing Animalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…), timothy (Phleum pratense L.), meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis L.), Kentucky bluegrass, and Canada bluegrass (Poa compressa L.)] than on a dual-purpose hay/pasture mixture of timothy, alfalfa, and red clover (3000 kg ha -1 ; Clark and Poincelot 1996). Grazing research with lactating dairy cows in the mid 1960s, on the other hand, indicated that there was no benefit in milk production to planting a complex mixture of grasses and legumes for grazing (Wedin et al 1965).…”

Section: Mixed Swards and Grazing Animalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant species diversity, ecosystem function, and pasture Management—A perspective

Sanderson¹,

Goslee²,

Soder³

et al. 2007

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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2007. Plant species diversity, ecosystem function, and pasture management-A perspective. Can. J. Plant Sci. 87: 479-487. Grassland farmers face many challenges in pasture management including improving sustainability, reducing inputs of fertilizers and pesticides, and protecting soil resources. In this paper we provide our perspective on managing plant diversity within and among pastures as one tool to aid producers in meeting these challenges. Pasture ecosystems can be highly diverse, with a complex array of organisms contributing to ecosystem functioning. Within the broad range of plant and animal biodiversity in pastures, plant species diversity may be the most amenable to manipulation or management. Reported benefits of plant diversity in grasslands include: increased forage production, greater ecosystem stability in response to disturbance, and reduced invasion by exotic species such as weeds. Some view diversity as a sort of insurance policy where different species contribute in their own time or can take the place of species that fail from stress or mismanagement. Using mixtures of several forages in pastures, in some instances, can improve forage yield and reduce weed invasions. Pasture management for increased plant species diversity, however, is not simply mixing and planting as many forage species as possible. The kinds and amounts of different forage species along with their arrangement within and among pastures at the farm scale are critical features that must be considered. Tools must be developed to determine the appropriate species mixtures for varying soils, landscapes, climate and purposes to fulfill multiple functions for producers.. et Deak, A. 2007. Diversité des espèces végétales, fonction de l'écosystème et gestion des pâturages-un point de vue. Can. J. Plant Sci. 87: 479-487. Pour les agriculteurs des prairies, la gestion des pâturages pose maintes difficultés parmi lesquelles comment rendre ces derniers plus durables, comment réduire l'usage des engrais et des pesticides, et comment préserver les ressources du sol. Dans cet article, les auteurs donnent leur point de vue sur la gestion de la diversité des espèces végétales dans le pâturage et entre les pâturages en tant qu'outil susceptible d'aider les producteurs à surmonter ces difficultés. L'écosystème des pâturages varie considérablement, un ensemble complexe d'organismes concourant à son fonctionnement. Parmi la grande variété de plantes et d'animaux qui peuplent un pâturage, c'est la diversité des espèces végétales qu'on pourrait sans doute le mieux modifier et gérer. Parmi les avantages de la diversité végétale dans les prairies, mentionnons une plus grande production fourragère, une meilleure stabilité de l'écosystème advenant une perturbation et une résistance accrue à l'envahissement par des espèces exotiques telles les adventices. Certains voient dans la diver-sité une police d'assurance, les différentes espèces contribuant à l'ensemble le moment venu ou se substituant aux espèces qui cèdent au stress ou aux erreurs de gestion....

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“…Mixing grasses often also increases yield, but this does not always lead to higher animal productivity (Clark, 2001; Tracy and Sanderson, 2004b). Inclusion of legumes improves seasonal yield distribution of perennial cool‐season grass pastures (Hermann et al, 2002; Lauriault et al, 2005a; Leep et al, 2002) as well as overall yield and quality (Sleugh et al, 2000; Tracy and Sanderson, 2004b), which does lead to greater animal productivity (Lauriault et al, 2005a). Maintaining a sustainable balance between the grass and legume components becomes a management goal (Barker et al, 2002; Clark, 2001; Edwards et al, 1996) that is often difficult to attain (Harris et al, 1999) because of lack of persistence, which has been a limitation for forage legumes (Beuselinck et al, 1994) because of grazing and other environmental factors (Harmoney et al, 2001; Harris et al, 1999).…”

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Performance of Irrigated Tall Fescue–Legume Communities under Two Grazing Frequencies in the Southern Rocky Mountains, USA

et al. 2006

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Irrigated pastures form a significant component of agriculture in the irrigated steppe of the southern Rocky Mountains, USA. Information is limited, however, describing performance of grazed binary perennial cool-season grass-legume mixtures in the region. Established monoculture tall fescue [Festuca arundinacea Schreb. 5 Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) S.J. Darbyshire] 1 134 kg N ha 21 (MONO) and tall fescue mixed with alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) (ALF/TF), birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) (BFT/TF), cicer milkvetch (Astragalus cicer L.)

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An Evaluation of Nitrogen Fertilization in Legume‐Grass and All‐Grass Pasture¹

Cited by 27 publications

References 3 publications

Economic Analysis of Forage Mixture Productivity in Pastures Grazed by Dairy Cattle

Economic Analysis of Forage Mixture Productivity in Pastures Grazed by Dairy Cattle

Plant species diversity, ecosystem function, and pasture Management—A perspective

Performance of Irrigated Tall Fescue–Legume Communities under Two Grazing Frequencies in the Southern Rocky Mountains, USA

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An Evaluation of Nitrogen Fertilization in Legume‐Grass and All‐Grass Pasture1

Cited by 27 publications

References 3 publications

Economic Analysis of Forage Mixture Productivity in Pastures Grazed by Dairy Cattle

Economic Analysis of Forage Mixture Productivity in Pastures Grazed by Dairy Cattle

Plant species diversity, ecosystem function, and pasture Management—A perspective

Performance of Irrigated Tall Fescue–Legume Communities under Two Grazing Frequencies in the Southern Rocky Mountains, USA

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An Evaluation of Nitrogen Fertilization in Legume‐Grass and All‐Grass Pasture¹