An Evaluation of MCF (Micro-Cel-Fat), A New Type of Fat Product

Titus, Harry W.; Mehring, Arnon L.; Johnson, Dewey; Nesbitt, L. L.; Tomas, Thomas

doi:10.3382/ps.0381114

Cited by 67 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Apparent ME values (AME) were calculated by subtracting the gross energy (GE) of excreta from GE intake and then dividing by total dry matter intake. The AME values of diets were corrected for zero nitrogen retention (AME n ) by assuming a value of 36.55 kJ g -1 of nitrogen lost or retained (Titus et al 1959). Experimental data from AID measurements were subjected to analysis of variance using the GLM procedure of SAS (1990) and using the following statistical model (Snedecor and Cochran 1989):…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids and metabolisable energy value in grains for broilers

Perttilä¹,

Valaja²,

Jalava³

2008

AFSci

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Using ileal digestible amino acids in feed optimising will intensify feed protein utilizing and decrease nitrogen excretion to the environment. The study determined the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) coefficients of amino acids in barley, wheat, oats, triticale, maize, and dehulled oats in the diets of 180 Ross broiler chickens (aged 24-35 days). The birds were fed semi-purified diets that contained grain as the sole protein source and chromium-mordanted straw as an indigestible marker. The AID coefficients of the nutrients were assessed using the slaughter technique, and the apparent metabolisable energy (AME) was determined using total excreta collection. The ileal digestibility of the dry matter and organic matter were the highest in maize. The AME of maize was higher than that of other cereals. The ileal digestibility of crude protein was higher in wheat than that in barley, oats and dehulled oats. The AME of wheat was similar to that of barley and oats but lower than that of triticale and dehulled oats. The amino acid AID was highest in wheat (0.86) and triticale (0.85) and lowest in oats (0.79) and barley 0.77). The average amino acid AID was 0.81 in dehulled oats. The threonine AID was the same in all tested ingredients. The lysine, methionine, and cystine AID coefficients were 0.81, 0.79, and 0.71 respectively for barley; 0.86, 0.84, and 0.38 respectively for oats; 0.87, 0.86, and 0.53 respectively for dehulled oats; 0.84, 0.90, and 0.66 respectively for maize; 0.89, 0.88, and 0.77 respectively for triticale; and 0.87, 0.85, and 0.71 respectively for wheat. Results indicated that AME -values of domestic grains (barley, oats and wheat) are in the same level. Especially, low AME value of wheat needs further investigation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids and metabolisable energy value in grains for broilers

Perttilä¹,

Valaja²,

Jalava³

2008

AFSci

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“…(3), N in and N out are nitrogen ingested and excreted (g), and 36.5 is the mean energy content (kJ) per gram urine-nitrogen in birds (Titus et al 1959, Sibbald 1982. Correction for nitrogen balance is needed because the energy in excreta from endogenous (2003) sources (e.g.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of clam species dominance on nutrient and energy acquisition by spectacled eiders in the Bering Sea

Richman¹,

Lovvorn²

2003

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The spectacled eider Somateria fischeri, a 'threatened' species, winters in pack ice of the Bering Sea. In dives of 40 to 70 m for benthic invertebrates, the high energy costs of foraging are offset by high benthic biomass. However, there is evidence that the dominant clam prey has changed from Macoma calcarea to Nuculana radiata, perhaps adversely affecting the foraging energetics of the eiders. We studied effects of differences in nutrient and energy content, crushing resistance of shells, digestibility, gut retention time, areal density, shell length, and depth in the sediments on the relative foraging value of M. calcarea versus N. radiata. To avoid using a 'threatened' species for experiments, we used common eiders Somateria mollissima for digestion studies and white-winged scoters Melanitta fusca (the same size as spectacled eiders) for foraging studies. For the prey size range comprising 93% of the eiders' diet (18 to 30 mm), M. calcarea including shells was lower in ash, and higher in nitrogen, lipid, and energy, than N. radiata. Digestibility was 76% for M. calcarea versus 67% for N. radiata, but gut retention time did not differ. In a tensometer, crushing resistance was much higher for N. radiata than M. calcarea for shells 18 to 24 mm long, but did not differ for 24 to 30 mm because shells of N. radiata were often severely abraded. For scoters foraging on freshly thawed Macoma balthica buried in sand in an aquarium 1.8 m deep, intake (no. s ) decreased by 31% when burial depth in the sediments was increased from 4 to 7 cm; most N. radiata are < 4 cm deep, and most M. balthica eaten by eiders are probably 7 to 10 cm deep. Considering energy content, digestibility, and intake rates at these burial depths for 1200 clams m -2 , energy assimilated was 14 to 19% higher for N. radiata than M. calcarea of the same length classes. However, larger M. calcarea yielded 58% higher intake of assimilable energy than smaller N. radiata. These patterns emphasize that relative foraging value depends strongly on size (age) structures of different prey populations, which vary with recruitment, growth, and mortality in different seasons and years. Our results show that impacts of long-term benthic change on eiders depend not only on shifts in total clam abundance, but also on species differences in digestibility, size structure, and size-dependent nutrient content and burial depth.

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“…Nitrogen retention is affected by many variables, including feed intake and composition, and may be positive or negative during a BE bioassay. Common practice is to correct AME values to zero nitrogen balance (AME") although correction to other levels of retention may be used (Peterson and Vik-Mo 1968;Hartfiel et al 1970 Zelenka (1970) concluded that AME values corrected according to Titus et al ( 1959) were demonstrably more accurate than those corrected according to Hill and Anderson (1958) A regression analysis of 1375 pairs of AME" and AME values produced a correlation coefficient of 0.995 and the equation: AME" : 0.009 + 0.948 AME which indicates that the nitrogen correction was proportional to the AME value (Sibbald and Slinger 1963c). The data were obtained with chicks but when adult cockereis were used the correction was reduced from 5 to 17o of the AME value (Sibbaid and Price 1975).…”

Section: The Nitrogen Correctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of Bioavailable Energy in Poultry Feedingstuffs: A Review

Sibbald¹

1982

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

114

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The importance of knowing the bioavailable energy (BE) content of poultry feedingstuffs is discussed in terms of economics, feed intake and the environment. The partition of ingested dietary energy is described and the effects of nutrient intake and of the microflora of the alimentary canal are outlined. Indirect biological, physical and chemical assays for BE are described and appraised. Procedures common to several direct bioassays for BE are discussed and points to consider in choosing between total excreta collection and the use of an indicator are presented. Assays for digestible energy, apparent metabolizable energy, true metabolizable energy and net energy are described. Variables affecting estimates of BE such as bird type, assay environment, assay diet and intake, assay design, the nitrogen correction, and metabolic plus endogenous losses are considered and a bioassay is recommended. The review concludes with brief speculation about future developments in the field of feedingstuff evaluation. Key words: Review, Energy, Assays, Methodology, Bioavailable

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An Evaluation of MCF (Micro-Cel-Fat), A New Type of Fat Product

Cited by 67 publications

References 3 publications

Apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids and metabolisable energy value in grains for broilers

Apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids and metabolisable energy value in grains for broilers

Effects of clam species dominance on nutrient and energy acquisition by spectacled eiders in the Bering Sea

Measurement of Bioavailable Energy in Poultry Feedingstuffs: A Review

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