An Evaluation of Exercise Pen Use by Circus Tigers (<i>Pathera tigris tigris</i>)

Nevill, Christian H.; Friend, T.H.; Windom, A.

doi:10.1080/10888700903583459

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Similar levels of stereotypical pacing have been identified in both zoos (23%) and circuses (20%), indicating that both forms of captivity often provide a sub-optimal environment [37,53]. However, Biolatti et al [32] recorded captive tiger activity budgets to show sleeping (32.64%), resting (27.50%), and walking (17.30%).…”

Section: Mental Statementioning

confidence: 74%

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Welfare Implications for Tigers in Travelling Circuses

Davies,

Knight

2024

Animals

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There are very few studies that have focused on species-specific welfare implications for tigers in a travelling circus. The absence of scientific evidence to inform nationwide legislation means that tigers are still commonly used in travelling circuses across the world. A systematic review of relevant published studies was conducted using the bibliographic databases Web of Science and Scopus, supplemented by a narrative search. In total, 42 relevant studies were identified that assessed the welfare of tigers in captivity, including circuses and zoos. Only eight papers assessed the welfare implications for tigers in circuses directly, evidencing the lack of research in this area. Given that circuses provide a sub-optimal environment compared to zoos, implications for tiger welfare were also inferred from zoo research, within the Five Domains framework. Collectively, these papers infer that the travelling nature of a circus often negatively impacts the welfare domains of nutrition, physical environment, health, and mental state. This is due to limitations in enclosure size, as well as in both environmental and behavioural enrichment. There is also often difficulty in sourcing appropriate food and specialised routine veterinary care. The literature is divided concerning behavioural interactions, specifically whether training can improve welfare by offering mental stimulation. However, circus performances are often associated with negative welfare due to noise disruption from spectators. The collective scientific evidence indicates that tigers are not well suited to circus living, due to the inability of a travelling circus to provide for their species-specific psychological, physiological, and behavioural needs.

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Section: Mental Statementioning

confidence: 74%

“…Whilst circuses can offer positive goal-directed rewards through training [61], there is clear evidence in the scientific literature of stereotypical pacing in tigers kept in captivity, including within circuses [18,19,34,37,42,51,53,57,62]. The literature also suggests that age and sex can impact on individual mental state.…”

Section: Mental Statementioning

confidence: 99%

Welfare Implications for Tigers in Travelling Circuses

Davies,

Knight

2024

Animals

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“…Kiley-Worthington [ 9 ] has a description of early exercise pens used in England in 1990. Krawczel et al [ 10 ], Nevill and Friend [ 11 ], and Nevill et al [ 12 ] further reported on the utilization of exercise pens by circus tigers.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diurnal Body Temperature and Rate of Passage of Loggers in Lions

Friend

Corsini²,

Manero³

et al. 2020

Animals

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The documentation of diurnal patterns in body temperature in lions could be important because disruption of circadian patterns can be a useful measure of distress. This study quantified changes in body temperature of seven African lions (Panthera leo) at 5 min intervals during cold conditions from noon until the ingested body temperature loggers were expelled the next day. Thirteen loggers were fed to 11 lions during their daily noon feeding, while ambient temperatures were also recorded using six data loggers. The lions had continuous access to their dens and exercise pens during the day but were restricted to their heavily bedded dens that also contained a heat lamp from 23:00 until 08:00 the next day. Body temperatures averaged 37.95 ± 0.42 °C at 15:50, and 36.81 ± 0.17 °C at 06:50 the next day, 30 min before the first loggers passed from a lion, and were significantly different (t-test, t = 8.09, df = 6, p < 0.0003). The mean duration for the time of passage was 22 ± 2.69 (h ± SD), so future studies using the noninvasive feeding of temperature loggers need to consider that time frame.

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“…De tijger wordt gehouden in dierentuinen, safariparken, circussen en in tijger boerderijen (Nevill et al 2010;Abbott en Van Kooten 2011;Liu et al 2015). In tijger boerderijen worden tijgers gefokt om de soort in stand te houden en als attractie voor toeristen (Kirkpatrick en Emerton 2010).…”

Section: Tijger (Panthera Tigris)unclassified

Toetsingskader domesticatie : dertig zoogdiersoorten beoordeeld

Hopster

Lammertsma

Neijenhuis

2022

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Samenvatting NLEen eenduidig onderscheid tussen wilde en gedomesticeerde zoogdiersoorten is voor de wetgever van groot belang om het gebruik van dieren in circussen en bij andere optredens al dan niet toe te staan. De mate van domesticatie bepaalt voor een belangrijk deel in hoeverre een dier in aanleg is opgewassen tegen een leven in gevangenschap in de nabijheid van de mens. De beperkingen in de circuspraktijk doen dan ook meer afbreuk aan het welzijn en de integriteit of eigenheid van niet-gedomesticeerde dieren in vergelijking met gedomesticeerde dieren. In dit rapport is beschreven hoe een wetenschappelijk gefundeerd, praktisch toetsingskader, geschikt om gedomesticeerde van wilde dierpopulaties te onderscheiden, eruit kan zien. Hierbij worden alleen diersoorten die in hoge mate als gedomesticeerd zijn te beschouwen, bestempeld als gedomesticeerd. Gedomesticeerde zoogdiersoorten komen in aanmerking voor aanwijzing in bijlage IV van het Besluit houders van dieren. Dat betekent dat het gebruik van exemplaren van deze soorten in circussen en andere optredens buiten het verbod vallen. Vanwege een verzoek aan de minister van LNV om een dertigtal zoogdiersoorten op bijlage IV bij het Besluit houders van dieren te plaatsen, is aan de hand van dit toetsingskader beoordeeld of genoemde diersoorten al dan niet als in hoge mate gedomesticeerd kunnen worden beschouwd. Van alle dertig beoordeelde soorten zijn er alleen van het edelhert (Cervus elaphus) en het damhert (Dama dama) populaties beschreven die een bepaalde mate van domesticatie hebben ondergaan. In het algemeen is er echter bij geen van de beoordeelde soorten sprake van populaties die in hoge mate zijn gedomesticeerd. Summary UKAn unambiguous distinction between wild and domestic mammal species is of great importance to the legislator in deciding whether or not to allow the use of animals in circuses and other performances. The degree of domestication largely determines to what extent an animal is predisposed to living in captivity in the vicinity of humans. The restrictions in circus practice therefore detract more from the welfare and nature of non-domesticated animals compared to domesticated animals. This report describes what a scientifically based, practical assessment framework, suitable for distinguishing domesticated from wild animal populations, could look like. In this respect, only animal species that can be regarded as highly domesticated are labelled as domesticated. Domestic mammal species are eligible for designation in Appendix IV of the Animal Keepers Decree. This means that the use of specimens of these species in circuses and other performances is outside the ban. Due to a request to the Minister of LNV to place some thirty mammal species on Appendix IV to the Animal Keepers Decree, it was assessed on the basis of this assessment framework whether or not the aforementioned animal species can be regarded as highly domesticated. Of all thirty assessed species, only red deer (Cervus elaphus) and fallow deer (Dama dama) populations have been de...

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An Evaluation of Exercise Pen Use by Circus Tigers (Pathera tigris tigris)

Cited by 4 publications

References 3 publications

Welfare Implications for Tigers in Travelling Circuses

Welfare Implications for Tigers in Travelling Circuses

Diurnal Body Temperature and Rate of Passage of Loggers in Lions

Toetsingskader domesticatie : dertig zoogdiersoorten beoordeeld

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