An evaluation of different Cripto‐1 antibodies and their variable results

Abstract

Cripto‐1 is a protein expressed during embryonal development and has been linked to several malignant processes in cancer. Since the discovery of cripto‐1 in the late 1980s, it has become a subject of biomarker investigation in several types of cancer which in many cases relies on immunolocalization of cripto‐1 using antibodies. Investigating cripto‐1 expression and localization in primary glioblastoma cells, we discovered nonspecific binding of cripto‐1 antibody to the extracellular matrix Geltrex. A panel of four cripto‐1 antibodies was investigated with respect to their binding to the Geltrex matrix and to the cripto‐1 positive control cells NTERA2. The cripto‐1 expression was varied for the different antibodies with respect to cellular localization and fixation methods. To further elaborate on these findings, we present a systematic review of cripto‐1 antibodies found in the literature and highlight some possible cross reactants with data on sequence alignments and structural comparison of EGF domains.

Cripto-1 as a Key Factor in Tumor Progression, Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition and Cancer Stem Cells

“…In patients with Stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), high Cripto-1 expression correlates with metastatic disease and worse prognosis as shown by postoperative survival curves [52]. Although, detection of Cripto-1 using commercially-available antibodies may be subject to reconsideration due to the lack of specificity of some of these antibodies [53]. Importantly, overexpression of Cripto-1 can be detected in about half of the biopsies from lung adenocarcinoma (LAC) patients where it correlates with several clinical and pathological parameters, including tumor size, lymph involvement, advanced TNM clinical stages [54], and loss of E-cadherin expression.…”

A Multidisciplinary Review of the Roles of Cripto in the Scientific Literature Through a Bibliometric Analysis of its Biological Roles

“…Among the antibodies tested, the 1B4 antibody was able to bind the membrane anchored and soluble forms of native Cripto protein in a panel of human cancer cells and also interfered with downstream Cripto-dependent signaling [124]. In many studies, Cripto has been immunolocalized using anti-Cripto antibodies, which is an approach that was systematically reviewed by Gudbergsson et al [125].…”