An evaluation of desulfurization technologies for sulfur removal from liquid fuels

Abstract

Sulfur compounds represent one of the most common impurities present in the crude oil. Sulfur in liquid fuel oil leads directly to the emission of SO 2 and sulfate particulate matter (SPM) that endangers public health and community property; and reduces the life of the engine due to corrosion. Furthermore, the sulfur compounds in the exhaust gases of diesel engines can significantly impair the emission control technology designed to meet NO x and SPM emission standards. The research efforts for developing conventional hydrodesulfurization and alternative desulfurization methods such as selective adsorption, biodesulfurization, oxidation/extraction (oxidative desulfurization), etc. for removing these refractory sulfur compounds from petroleum products are on the rise. Research laboratories and refineries are spending huge amounts of money in finding a viable and feasible solution to reduce sulfur to a concentration of less than 10 mg l 21 . This paper reviews the current status in detail of various desulphurization techniques being studied worldwide. It presents an overview of novel emerging technologies for ultra-deep desulfurization so as to produce ultra-lowsulfur fuels.

MIL-101 promotes the efficient aerobic oxidative desulfurization of dibenzothiophenes

“…18,30,31 One possibility to remove DBT and its alkyl derivatives from oil distillates is their oxidation to the corresponding sulfoxides and/or sulfones that have an increased hydrophilicity and higher boiling point, thus, making easier their removal from fuels. 30 Typically, in these oxidative treatments organic hydroperoxides are used as oxidation reagents in combination with transition metal containing catalysts. .…”

“…DBT and its methyl-substituted derivatives are among the sulfur compounds present in gasoil and high boiling-point oil distillates and they are responsible for a large percentage of SOx atmospheric pollution. 30 The tendency of legal regulations on fuel quality is to decrease the sulfur content (< 10 ppmw S, part per million weight of sulfur) and conventional hydrodesulfuration treatments in refining have to be supplemented with additional treatments to remove in higher degree sulfur containing compounds present in fuels. 30,31 It should be noted that DBTs, in particular 4-methyl DBT and 4,6-dimethyl DBT, are among the most reluctant sulfur compounds to undergo hydrodesulfuration.…”

“…30 The tendency of legal regulations on fuel quality is to decrease the sulfur content (< 10 ppmw S, part per million weight of sulfur) and conventional hydrodesulfuration treatments in refining have to be supplemented with additional treatments to remove in higher degree sulfur containing compounds present in fuels. 30,31 It should be noted that DBTs, in particular 4-methyl DBT and 4,6-dimethyl DBT, are among the most reluctant sulfur compounds to undergo hydrodesulfuration. 18,30,31 One possibility to remove DBT and its alkyl derivatives from oil distillates is their oxidation to the corresponding sulfoxides and/or sulfones that have an increased hydrophilicity and higher boiling point, thus, making easier their removal from fuels.…”

Synthesis and Applications of 1,3,5-Triazinanes

“…24 Dentre esses derivados sulfurados, um dos mais nocivos e tóxicos é o H 2 S. Neste sentido, as 1,3,5-triazinanas podem atuar na captura do H 2 S por uma reação de troca, liberando aminas primárias (Figura 7).…”

Ultrasound-Assisted Oxidative Desulfurization/Denitrification of Liquid Fuels with Solid Oxidants

“…Therefore, conventional hydrotreatment must be modified and revamped if it is to produce ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD). 7 In the last few decades, alternative deep desulfurization techniques have been extensively investigated, these include; extractive desulfurization (EDS), which can even make use of task specific ionic-liquids; 8,9 adsorptive desulfurization (ADS); 10,11,12 oxidative desulfurization (ODS); 13 and bio-desulfurization (BDS). 14,15 ODS has perhaps drawn the most widespread attention, 16 because of its mild operative conditions (atmospheric pressure, <100°C) and the fact it proceeds without hydrogen consumption.…”