“…Instead, our estimates are more in line with recent work based on leaf gas-exchange (Kowalczyk et al, 2018;Milligan et al, 2019), liverworts (Kowalczyk et al, 2018), boron (Henehan et al, 2019) and paleosols (Zhang et al, 2018; Figure 1). Specifically, our estimate of 1,143 at 65.66 Ma is comparable to estimates from Henehan et al Our earliest CO 2 estimate of 1,143 at 65.66 Ma (site AF1405), is roughly coincident with an early Paleocene pulse in Deccan volcanism (e.g., Fendley et al, 2020;Schoene et al, 2019;Schoene et al, 2021) and at the tail end, or just after, the carbon isotope excursion of the Dan-C2 event (Barnet et al, 2019;Lyson et al, 2019). Thus, it may reflect a brief episode of relatively high CO 2 conditions in the early Paleocene.…”