An evaluation of Anti-Diuretic Hormone in intravenous urography “sniff urography”

Benness, G. T.

doi:10.1016/s0009-9260(70)80108-8

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This has been confirmed by Cattell et aE. (1970) and it has also been shown to produce greater urinary radio-opacity in matched iirographic studies (Benness, 1970). An extension of this concept to include the larger radio-opaque molecules is illustrated in Table 2.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

“…The final concentration of the agent in the urine depends on the tubular reabsorbtion of water and electrolytes. This is enhanced by preliminary dehydration, the use of antidiuretic hormone, and sodium-linked contrast agents (Benness, 1967(Benness, , 1968(Benness, , 1970. However, the final urinary concentration of the agent is limited by the marked increase in the urinary solute output associated with the excretion of the contrast agent.…”

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Urography with the Iothalamate Dimer and Trimer

1970

Australasian Radiology

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The physiological basis of urography has been well reviewed hy Saxton (1969). Briefly, the plasma contrast concentration is controlled by the dose of the contrast agent, the rate of injection, and the time elapsed after the injection. The amount of contrast agent filtered by the glomeruli depends on its plasma concentration and the glomerular filtration rate. The final concentration of the agent in the urine depends on the tubular reabsorbtion of water and electrolytes. This is enhanced by preliminary dehydration, the use of antidiuretic hormone, and sodium-linked contrast agents (Benness, 1967(Benness, , 1968(Benness, , 1970. However, the final urinary concentration of the agent is limited by the marked increase in the urinary solute output associated with the excretion of the contrast agent. This is responsible for the osmotic diuresis which occurs during urography. Thus agents with more radio-opacity (iodine content) per molecule might reduce the urinary solute output and improve urographic quality. This proposition has been studied using the dimer and trimer of Iothalamate. These have six and nine atoms of iodine per molecule respectively, and they have been compared with methylglucamine iothalamate which has three atoms of iodine per molecule. MATERIALS AXD METHODSIothalamate dimer, 3.5'-adipoyldiimino-bis (2,4,6 -triiodo -N -methylisophthalamic acid), has been prepared as the sodium and methylglucamine salts. The molecular weight of the acid is 1253-9, the agent is highly soluble and not viscous. Iothalamate trimer, 5,5',5"-nitrilotriacetyltriimino-tris (2,4,6-triido-N-methylisophthalamic acid), has been prepared as a methylglucamine salt. Its molecular weight is 2438-4, it is highly soluble but more viscous than the dimer. These agents were initially developed for angiography and myelography, but their application in urography was never seriously explored.A method of controlling the fluid balance of yvung female sheep in a metabolic cage has been described (Benness, 1967(Benness, , 1968. During the studies the animal was conscious and supported in a sling. Blood samples were obtained through a percutaneous catheter inserted into the jugular vein, and urine samples were obtained by dependent drainage from a self-retaining bladder catheter. The sheep were prepared by 72 hours dehydration.On separate occasions equivalent doses (350 mgI/kg.) of methylglucamine iothalamate (MG.I), sodium and methylglucamine dimer (Na.D and MG.D) and methylglucamine trimer (MG.T) were injected intravenously in one minute. Blood was collected before the contrast injection and afterwards at 7,30 and 55 minutes. Two urine samples were collected before the contrast injection and seven afterwards at 5, 5, 5, 10, 10, 10 and 15 minute intervals. The urinary flow rate (ml./min.) was calculated. The plasma and urinary contrast concentrations were measured by a spectrophotometric method (British Pharmacopoeia, 1963), calibrated with known standards and all expressed as sodium iothalamate (mg. Na.I/ml.) for convenient comparison. Urinary...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

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confidence: 99%

Urography with the Iothalamate Dimer and Trimer

1970

Australasian Radiology

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Radiopaques

Peng

2003

Burger's Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery

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This review discusses radiopaques from research and development to application. Radiopaques attenuate X‐rays and may be either high atomic‐numbered materials or iodinated organic compounds. The latter may appear sometimes in liposomes or particulates. The theoretical and historical aspects, classification by structures, methods of synthesis, structure‐activity relationship, physical, chemical, and pharmacological properties, and related reactions, essential to the understanding of safety, tolerability, and efficacy of radiopaques in medical use, are included in the discussion.

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Urography Preparation and Anti‐diuretic Hormone

Benness

Evill

Glazer

1974

Australasian Radiology

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A study was carried out on student volunteers in two centres to examine the effects of climate on the normal state of hydration (urinary osmolality). The response of urinary osmolality to fluid restriction, as practised prior to intravenous urography, and the additional response to anti‐diuretic hormone were also examined. The study failed to show a statistically significant difference between effects of the two climates. However, it was found that antidiuretic hormone significantly increased urinary osmolality when values were low prior to hormone administration.

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An evaluation of Anti-Diuretic Hormone in intravenous urography “sniff urography”

Cited by 7 publications

References 12 publications

Urography with the Iothalamate Dimer and Trimer

Urography with the Iothalamate Dimer and Trimer

Radiopaques

Urography Preparation and Anti‐diuretic Hormone

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