An evacuation building project for Cascadia earthquakes and tsunamis

Raskin, Jay; Wang, Yumei; Boyer, Marcella; Fiez, T.S.; Moncada, Javier Rodenas; Yu, Kent; Yeh, Harry

doi:10.4067/s0718-28132011000100002

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Where speedy evacuation is not possible because of long travel distance to higher grounds it makes sense to consider building tsunami evacuation buildings (TEBs) instead. In a recent geotechnical study, Raskin et al (2011) present the conceptional design of a tsunami resistant City Hall that serves also as evacuation shelter at Cannon Beach in the state of Oregon. It is the first of its kind in the US and is believed to become a model for more TEBs in other coastal areas.…”

Section: Definitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expecting the unexpected: a case study on tsunami mitigation in Fujisawa (Japan)

Hein

2013

Environmental Hazards

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Japan has great knowledge and state-of-the-art systems in place to face tsunami risk. Nevertheless, after the 3/11 Tohoku tsunami disaster, plans have been reviewed nationwide to strengthen tsunami preparedness in the event of a mega-tsunami. This article supports the opinion that despite improvements and progress made in risk assessment, tsunami disaster mitigation planning faces great challenges in securing mass evacuation. Findings of a field interview survey conducted among local residents supplemented by a thorough review of local risk-assessment policies and disaster-management plans suggest that residents do not believe that they are sufficiently prepared to escape a mega-tsunami despite very advanced risk-control systems. The reasons for this are two-fold: first, local autonomy is hampered by top-down prefectural and national interference, and second, realistic response planning for if the protective measures fail has not been sufficiently enforced.

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Section: Definitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expecting the unexpected: a case study on tsunami mitigation in Fujisawa (Japan)

Hein

2013

Environmental Hazards

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“…In addition, placing F I G U R E 5 The FN-curves for placing a VES at three different locations: (A), (B), and (C) show FN-curves for VES(a), VES(b), and VES(c) in Figure 3, respectively. Panel (D) depicts the average Relative EV of risk by different percentages of population who consider VES as an evacuation option, taking 0% as the base case in calculating Relative EV a VES near high ground shelters is counterintuitive (Raskin et al, 2011).…”

Section: The Repercussion Of Unthoughtful Ves Placementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They also provide refuges to individuals when early warning systems are unavailable, such as in the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami (Lindell et al., 2019). The U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) provides basic guidelines for VES placement based on travel time (Federal Emergency Management Agency, 2012), but these guidelines do not consider resource limitations, available space (Raskin et al., 2011), site‐specific inundation dynamics, social aspects of evacuee decision‐making processes, or economic constraints (Raskin & Wang, 2017). Recent studies have explored means to determine optimal VES locations for tsunami evacuations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An integrative agent‐based vertical evacuation risk assessment model for near‐field tsunami hazards

et al. 2022

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This study couples FN-curves with Agent-based Modeling and Simulation (ABMS) to assess risk for tsunamis with various recurrence intervals . By considering both expected number of casualties and the likelihood of tsunami events, multiple series of simulations and in-depth analyses determine (1) how vertical evacuation structure (VES) placement impacts mortality rate; (2) what the best evacuation strategies VES locations are; and (3) where evacuees are likely to be caught by tsunami waves. The results from utilizing FN-curves to conduct disaggregative analyses based on six tsunami scenarios indicate that choosing one tsunami scenario or averaging the risk of different scenarios may not fully articulate VES impacts due to the "levee effect," which potentially leads to false positives. Findings show that placing VESs close to shorelines saves nearby at-risk populations, but also results in two risk increasing phenomena: "exposure to risk" (i.e., evacuees being attracted to high risk roads by a VES when evacuating) and "blind zones" (i.e., locations near a VES where evacuees increase their risk by evacuating to that VES). When limited to one VES, placement near a population's centroid results in the lowest mortality rate. More than one VES may lower mortality rate further if VESs are spreading out according to community's topography. In addition to the analysis of tsunamis, the approach of coupling FN-curves with ABMS can be used by local authorities and engineers to determine tailored hard-adaptive measures and evacuation strategies, which helps to avoid maladaptive actions in different hazardous events.

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“…Preliminary studies have been done in an effort to develop design criteria for tsunami evacuation shelters (e.g. Yeh 2005, FEMA P646 2008, Pimanmas 2010, Raskin 2011, near-shore structures (e.g. Palermo 2009), and bridges (e.g.…”

Section: Current Design Provisionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional Loading Effects of Tsunamis on Bridge Superstructures

Motley

Lemoine

Livermore

2014

Structures Congress 2014

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This work presents an investigation of the effects of tsunamis on bridge superstructures, with specific attention focused toward the differences between two-dimensional (2D) and threedimensional (3D) analyses. For the most part, available research on tsunami-bridge interaction is based on 2D analysis. While 2D analyses can provide estimates of drag force, uplift, and overturning moment per unit length, they do not account for critical 3D phenomena such as channelization effects due to local bathymetry, bridge skew and other non-uniform geometric aspects. Using a high-fidelity 3D computational fluid dynamics approach, validated against existing experimental data, this work analyzes the temporal and spatial dynamics of tsunami loading on a model bridge and shows how variation in the local geometry, specifically the skew angle of the bridge relative to the incoming wave, can affect the loading history on the structure.

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An evacuation building project for Cascadia earthquakes and tsunamis

Cited by 12 publications

References 14 publications

Expecting the unexpected: a case study on tsunami mitigation in Fujisawa (Japan)

Expecting the unexpected: a case study on tsunami mitigation in Fujisawa (Japan)

An integrative agent‐based vertical evacuation risk assessment model for near‐field tsunami hazards

Three-Dimensional Loading Effects of Tsunamis on Bridge Superstructures

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