An Eu(III) Sensor Based on N,N-Diethyl-N-(4-hydroxy-6-methylpyridin-2-yl)guanidine

Thorium is surprisingly abundant in the Earth's crust, being almost as abundant as lead and three times more abundant than uranium. It is found in small amounts in most rocks and soils. Granitile contains up to 80 ppm of thorium. Thorium occurs naturally as the minerals thorite, uranothorite, and thorianite. It is a major component of monazite and it is present in significant amounts in the minerals zircon, titanite, gadolinite and betafite. The amounts of thorium in the environment may be incidentally increased due to accidental releases of thorium processing plants. Uncontrolled large amounts of thorium may be found near hazardous waste sites where thorium has not been disposed of according to the proper procedures. People living near these sites may get exposed to more thorium as they breathe in windblown dust and because it ends up in food that is grown near the site.Since thorium has the ability to change genetic arrangements, it may increase the chances of developing the lung diseases and pancreas cancer. 1 Therefore, more efforts are required to develop ion-selective electrodes of commercial standards for heavy metal ions that are toxic beyond a certain concentration level. 2A literature survey showed that only three-potentiometric electrodes are available for detecting and/or measuring and monitoring thorium in environmental media. 3-5The present work describes the working of a sensor involving a dithio-tetraaza macrocyclic compound, namely 2,3,7,8-tetraphenyl-1,4,6,9-tetraaza-cyclodeca-5,10-dithion-1,3,6,8-tetraene (TPTACDTT) as ionophore, 3% sodium tetraphenyl borate (NaTPB) as an additive and 62% nitrobenzene (NB) as a plasticizing solvent mediator for thorium(IV) ions. This novel Th 4+ -selective electrode not only possesses the advantages of the simplicity of the design in membrane preparation but also has a fast response time, good linear range and detection limit and high selectivity over a variety of various metal ions; in many respects the values are better than those reported in the literature. 3-5 Experimental Reagents and chemicalsReagent grade benzyl acetate (BA), nitrobenzene (NB), sodium tetraphenyl borate (NaTPB), tetrahydrofuran (THF) and high relative molecular weight PVC (all from Merck and Aldrich) were used as received. The nitrate and chloride salts of all cations used (all from Merck and Aldrich) were of the highest purity available and were used without any further purification except for vacuum drying over P2O5. Doubly distilled deionized water was used throughout. Synthesis of ionophore TPTACDTTTo a hot ethanolic solution (50 ml) of benzil (0.093 M, 6.3 g) acidified with 0.5 ml conc. HCl, a hot ethanolic solution (50 ml) of thiourea (0.03 M >2.28 g approx.) was added drop-wise with stirring. Then the reaction mixture was refluxed at 60˚C for more than 12 h. The reaction mixture was kept in a cool place for 24 h and finally a light greenish yellow, bright crystalline compound was obtained. This was filtered on a buchner funnel using a suction pump, followed by washing with EtOH a...

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“…[10][11][12][13][14] Thus, the membrane sensor with composition of 30% PVC; 62% NB; 3% NaTPB, and 5% TPTACDTT exhibits the best performance.…”

Section: Potential Response Of the Th(iv) Sensor Based On Tptacdttmentioning

confidence: 98%

A Highly Selective and Sensitive Thorium(IV) PVC Membrane Electrode Based on a Dithio-tetraaza Macrocyclic Compound

2007

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“…The solution of 2,2-bis(5-formyl-2-thienyl) propane, synthesized by the same procedure as given above [22] (2.6 g, 10 mmol) in CHCl 3 (50 ml) and 1,2-ethanediamine (0.6 g, 10 mmol) in CHCl 3 (100 ml) were added simultaneously to 50 ml of CHCl 3 over a period of 15 h with stirring at room temperature; the mixture was stirred for an additional 30 h. After usual work-up, the crude product was obtained as yellow powder, which was recrystalized with 13,13,29,29,-tetramethyl-33,34,35,36-tetrathia -3,7,19,23-tetraazapentacyclo [28.2.1.1 9,12 .1 14,17 .1 25,28 ] hexatriaconta-1(32), 2,7,9,11,14,16,18,23,25,27,30-…”

Section: Synthesis Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These methods either are time-consuming, involve multiple sample manipulations, or are too expensive for most analytical laboratories; ion-selective electrodes (ISE) provide analytical procedures for such situations as they are fast, convenient, having minimum sample pre-treatment requirement and may also be suitable for online analysis. In view of such advantages, a number of lanthanide ion selective sensors based on poly(vinyl) chloride have been developed such as La 3+ [9,10], Yb 3+ [11], Gd 3+ [12], Sm 3+ [13], Er 3+ [14], Tb 3+ [15] and also on Dy 3+ [2,16,[17][18][19]. Although lot of work has been done on Dy 3+ selective membrane electrodes with good selective ranges, no one did comparative evaluation of Dy 3+ selective membrane electrodes; therefore authors have been synthesized three different derivatives of macrocyclic tetraimine Schiff's base for comparative evaluation of Dy 3+ selective membrane electrodes and improved the detection limit compared to reported work.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative evaluation of Dy(III) selective poly(vinyl) chloride based membrane electrodes of macrocyclic tetraimine Schiff's bases

Gupta

Pal

Singh

2009

Talanta

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a b s t r a c tThree different derivatives of macrocyclic tetraimine Schiff's base have been synthesized and explored as a neutral ionophores for preparing poly(vinyl chloride) based membrane sensors selective to Dy 3+ . The addition of sodium tetraphenyl borate and various plasticizers, viz., o-NPOE, DBP, DBBP, DOP and CN has been found to substantially improve the performance of the sensors. The best performance was obtained with the sensor no. 1 having membrane of Schiff's base (SL-1) with composition (w/w) SL-1 (4.5%): PVC (30.5%): o-NPOE (59.5%): NaTPB (5.5%). This sensor exhibits Nernstian response with slope 19.4 mV/decade of activity in the concentration range of 10 −8 to 1.0 × 10 −2 M Dy 3+ , performs satisfactorily over wide pH range of (2.8-7.2) with a fast response time (10 s). The sensor was also found to work satisfactorily in partially non-aqueous media up to 20% (v/v) content of acetonitrile, methanol or ethanol. The proposed sensor can be used over a period of 1.5 months without significant drift in potentials. The sensor has been also utilized for the determination of Dy 3+ level in different soil samples.

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“…The recent introduction of a number of lanthanide selective membrane sensors for La(III), [9][10][11][12][13][14] Ce(III), [15][16][17] Nd(III), 18 Eu(III), 19 Sm(III), 20,21 Gd(III), 22 Tb(III), 23 Dy(III), 24 and Yb(III), 25 ions based on different noncyclic and macrocyclic ionophores, by our own and other groups, inspired us to try the construction of an Er(III)-selective electrode based on a PCMHT as an ion carrier. The resulting electrode shows to be suitable for the determination of Er(III) concentration in the range of…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of pyridine-2-carbaldehyde-2-(4-methyl-1,3-benzo thiazol-2-yl)hydrazone as a neutral ionophore in the construction of a novel Er(III) sensor

Ganjali¹,

Rezapour²,

Rasoolipour³

et al. 2007

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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A piridina-2-carbaldeído-2-(4-metil-1,3-benzotiazol-2-il) hidrazona (PCMHT) pode ser usada como um ionóforo neutro apropriado à preparação de uma membrana sensora a Er(III), com alta seletividade. A composição ótima encontrada foi PCMHT-PVC-KTpClPB-BA com as razões de 6,0:30,0:5,0:59,0 . A excelente seletividade a Er(III) do sensor proposto, frente aos íons metálicos mais comuns e, especialmente íons lantanídeos, é uma outra vantagem. O sensor foi usado com sucesso como eletrodo indicador na titulação de 25 mL de 1,0 × 10 -4 mol L -1 de íons Er(III) com 1,0 × 10 -2 mol L -1 de EDTA. O sensor proposto foi usado na monitoração direta de Er(III) em misturas binárias e na determinação indireta de íons fluoreto em duas preparações de enxágüe bucal.We found that pyridine-2-carbaldehyde-2-(4-methyl-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl) hydrazone (PCMHT) can be used as a suitable neutral ionophore for preparing an Er(III) membrane sensor with high selectivity. The optimum composition was found to be PCMHT-PVC-KTpClPB-BA with the ratios of 6.0:30.0:5.0:59.0, respectively. The Nernstian response was of 21.8 ± 0.5 mV decade -1 of Er(III) activity, the linear range of the sensor was found to be relatively wide (from 1.0×10 -5 to 1.0 ×10 -2 mol L -1). Its applicability pH range of 2.5-12.0 seems to make it suitable for analytical applications. EDTA. The proposed sensor was used for direct monitoring of Er(III) in binary mixtures and indirect determination of fluoride ions in two mouth wash preparations.

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An Eu(III) Sensor Based on N,N-Diethyl-N-(4-hydroxy-6-methylpyridin-2-yl)guanidine

Cited by 73 publications

References 20 publications

A Highly Selective and Sensitive Thorium(IV) PVC Membrane Electrode Based on a Dithio-tetraaza Macrocyclic Compound

A Highly Selective and Sensitive Thorium(IV) PVC Membrane Electrode Based on a Dithio-tetraaza Macrocyclic Compound

Comparative evaluation of Dy(III) selective poly(vinyl) chloride based membrane electrodes of macrocyclic tetraimine Schiff's bases

Application of pyridine-2-carbaldehyde-2-(4-methyl-1,3-benzo thiazol-2-yl)hydrazone as a neutral ionophore in the construction of a novel Er(III) sensor

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