An Ethylene-Inducible Component of Signal Transduction Encoded by
            <i>Never-ripe</i>

Wilkinson, Jack Q.; Lanahan, Michael B.; Yen, Hsiao-ching; Giovannoni, James J.; Klee, Harry J.

doi:10.1126/science.270.5243.1807

Cited by 607 publications

(456 citation statements)

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“…Mapping studies have revealed the presence of multiple ethylene receptor homologs in tomato Zhou et al, 1996a) and five receptor candidates, designated LeETR1-5, have been cloned (Payton et al, 1996;Wilkinson et al, 1995;Zhou et al, 1996aZhou et al, , 1996b; D.M. Tieman and G.J.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Predicted protein sequences of LeETR1 and LeETR2 are highly homologous to the Arabidopsis ethylene receptor ETR1 and comparatively less similar to the tomato NR gene product encoded by LeETR3. Unlike ETR1 and the other two LeETR proteins, NR lacks a response regulator domain (Wilkinson et al, 1995). In this regard NR exhibits similarity to Arabidopsis ERS, also missing the response regulator domain (Hua et al, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, while treatment of immature fruit with exogenous ethylene fails to induce ripening, such ethylene-regulated targets as ACC oxidase are known to be activated (Liu et al, 1985). Although the NR mRNA content of immature fruit is comparable to maximal mRNA levels of LeETR1 and LeETR2 throughout fruit growth and ripening, the presence of NR mRNA in amounts far below those evident upon subsequent ripening-associated accumulation of this mRNA (Wilkinson et al, 1995) and its associated protein (H.J. Klee, unpublished results) suggests that NR is rate-limiting for ethylene perception in immature fruit tissue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In plants, response regulator motifs are incorporated into LeETR1, LeETR2 and Arabidopsis ETR1, and represent the third conserved domain. In contrast, the predicted NR protein encoded by LeETR3 lacks a response regulator domain in its C-terminus ( Figure 1; Wilkinson et al, 1995), as does the ERS protein of Arabidopsis (Hua et al, 1995). The conservation of the response regulator in some plant ETR gene family sequences and its absence in others suggests that plant ethylene receptor candidates may exhibit functional differences.…”

Section: Molecular Cloning Of Two Tomato Etr1 Homologsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Klee, unpublished data;Wilkinson et al, 1995;Zhou et al, 1996aZhou et al, , 1996b), which we have named LeETR1-5 based on the order in which the genomic sequences were cloned. LeETR3 has been mapped to the chromosomal locus corresponding to NEVER RIPE (NR) (Wilkinson et al, 1995), a tomato ripening mutant well characterized for its insensitivity to ethylene in a variety of physiological processes including fruit ripening, floral senescence, hypocotyl elongation, epinasty and organ abscission (Lanahan et al, 1994;Rick and Butler, 1956;Tucker et al, 1984). Because of the historical significance of the LeETR3 gene product, we have continued usage of the term NR.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differential regulation of the tomato ETR gene family throughout plant development

1998

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SummaryEthylene perception in plants is co-ordinated by multiple hormone receptor candidates sharing sequence commonalties with prokaryotic environmental sensor proteins known as two-component regulators. Two tomato homologs of the Arabidopsis ethylene receptor ETR1 were cloned from a root cDNA library. Both cDNAs, termed LeETR1 and LeETR2, were highly homologous to ETR1, exhibiting~90% deduced amino acid sequence similarity and 80% deduced amino acid sequence identity. LeETR1 and LeETR2 contained all the major structural elements of two-component regulators, including the response regulator motif absent in LeETR3, the gene encoding tomato NEVER RIPE (NR). Using RNase protection analysis, the mRNAs of LeETR1, LeETR2 and NR were quantified in tissues engaged in key processes of the plant life cycle, including seed germination, shoot elongation, leaf and flower senescence, floral abscission, fruit set and fruit ripening. LeETR1 was expressed constitutively in all plant tissues examined. LeETR2 mRNA was expressed at low levels throughout the plant but was induced in imbibing tomato seeds prior to germination and was down-regulated in elongating seedlings and senescing leaf petioles. NR expression was developmentally regulated in floral ovaries and ripening fruit. Notably, hormonal regulation of NR was highly tissue-specific. Ethylene biosynthesis induced NR mRNA accumulation in ripening fruit but not in elongating seedlings or in senescing leaves or flowers. Furthermore, the abundance of mRNAs for all three LeETR genes remained uniform in multiple plant tissues experiencing marked changes in ethylene sensitivity, including the cell separation layer throughout tomato flower abscission.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Molecular Cloning Of Two Tomato Etr1 Homologsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differential regulation of the tomato ETR gene family throughout plant development

1998

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The potential for the improvement of carotenoid levels in foods and the likely systemic effects

Berg

Faulks

Granado

et al. 2000

J. Sci. Food Agric.

410

223

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Carotenoids form one of the most important classes of plant pigments and play a crucial role in defining the quality parameters of fruit and vegetables. Their role in the plant is to act as accessory pigments for light harvesting and in the prevention of photo‐oxidative damage, as well as acting as attractants for pollinators. Their function as antioxidants in the plant shows interesting parallels with their potential role as antioxidants in foods and humans. Carotenoids are products of the isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway. The enzymes leading to carotenoid biosynthesis have all been characterised, and more recently the genes encoding these enzymes have been cloned from bacteria, fungi and plants. New information on enzyme activities and the factors leading to the regulation of the pathway is reviewed. Vitamin A deficiency is a widespread problem in the developing world, causing blindness, particularly in the young. This has driven research into finding ways of introducing provitamin A carotenoids into staple crops, and this has recently been achieved in rice and canola through genetic manipulation. The fact that carotenoids show protective activity in vitro and in vivo against a variety of degenerative disease end points has also give impetus to studying whether increasing intakes of the commonly consumed carotenoids would have public health benefits in the developed world. Human intervention studies have been undertaken using supplements of β‐carotene rather than utilising foods with enhanced carotenoid levels, but no potential benefit has been shown. Indeed, there is evidence of an increased health risk from the consumption of β‐carotene supplements. These observations suggest that the threshold between the beneficial and adverse effects of some carotenoids is low and provides a strong stimulus to further understanding the functional effects of specific carotenoids. Specific needs for future research are identified in the review. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry

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The Molecular Biology of Plant Hormone Reception

Bassett

2000

Horticultural Reviews

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An Ethylene-Inducible Component of Signal Transduction Encoded by Never-ripe

Cited by 607 publications

References 15 publications

Differential regulation of the tomato ETR gene family throughout plant development

Differential regulation of the tomato ETR gene family throughout plant development

The potential for the improvement of carotenoid levels in foods and the likely systemic effects

The Molecular Biology of Plant Hormone Reception

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