An ethnoveterinary study on medicinal plants used by the Bai people in Yunlong County northwest Yunnan, China

Abstract

Background The Bai people in Yunlong County, northwest Yunnan, China, have used medicinal plants and traditional remedies for ethnoveterinary practices. The Bai have mastered ethnoveterinary therapeutic methods in livestock breeding since ancient times. The Bai’s traditional ethnoveterinary knowledge is now facing extinction, and their unique ethnoveterinary practices have rarely been recorded. This study documented animal diseases, EMPs, and related traditional knowledge in Yunlong County, China. Methods Ethnobotanical fieldwork was conducted in six villages and townships of Yunlong County between 2021 and 2022. Data were obtained through semi-structured interviews, participatory observations, and keyperson interviews. A total of 68 informants were interviewed, and the informant consensus factor and use reports (URs) were used to evaluate the current ethnoveterinary practices among the local communities. Information on livestock diseases, medicinal plants, and traditional ethnoveterinary medicine knowledge were also obtained. Results A total of 90 plant species belong to 51 families, 84 genera were recorded as being used as EMPs by the Bai people, and Asteraceae plants are most frequently used. A total of 68 informants were interviewed, including 58 men (85.3%) and 10 women (14.7%). The most commonly used EMPs parts included the roots, whole plants, leaves, and stems, and the common livestock diseases identified in this field investigation included trauma and fracture, gastrointestinal disorders, respiratory disorders, parasitic diseases, miscellaneous, venomous snake bites, reproductive diseases, infectious diseases, skin disease, and urinary diseases. Most of the EMPs are herbs (77.78%). Courtyard is one of the habitats of medicinal plants in Yunlong County. Conclusion Traditional knowledge of ethnoveterinary medicine is related to the local sociocultural characteristics of the Bai. Plants are used in cultural traditions, which, in turn, nourish the plant culture. Cultural diversity and biodiversity are interdependent. This traditional knowledge is at risk of disappearance because of the increasing extension of Western veterinary medicine, lifestyle changes, and mainstream cultural influences. Therefore, it is important to continue research on ethnoveterinary practices.

Ethnoveterinary treatment of livestock in Ghana: Cultural importance and consensus on plants used

“…Ethnoveterinary treatment of livestock diseases is widely practiced in other African countries [ [9] , [10] , [11] , [12] , [13] , [14] , [15] , [16] , [17] ] and other countries worldwide [ [18] , [19] , [20] , [21] ]. In remote and undeveloped areas, there is a lack or limited access to modern veterinary services to cater to livestock healthcare needs, and ethnoveterinary remedies remain a prominent complementary medical practice for treating diseases [ 10 , 18 ].…”

“…Ethnoveterinary treatment of livestock diseases is widely practiced in other African countries [ [9] , [10] , [11] , [12] , [13] , [14] , [15] , [16] , [17] ] and other countries worldwide [ [18] , [19] , [20] , [21] ]. In remote and undeveloped areas, there is a lack or limited access to modern veterinary services to cater to livestock healthcare needs, and ethnoveterinary remedies remain a prominent complementary medical practice for treating diseases [ 10 , 18 ]. The use of ethnoveterinary medicine is an integral part of veterinary services for the treatment of livestock in Ghana, and various natural-based products have been documented to be used to treat livestock ailments [ [22] , [23] , [24] , [25] , [26] , [27] ].…”