1991
DOI: 10.1007/bf01385031
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An essay on organizational citizenship behavior

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Cited by 554 publications
(449 citation statements)
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References 38 publications
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“…According to Graham (1991) OCBO is a constructive workplace behavior as it includes all positive behaviors which contribute to the organizations for improvement. However, it is non-mandated action from organizations and their demonstration depends upon the employees voluntarily.…”
Section: Organizational Citizenship Behavior-organizationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…According to Graham (1991) OCBO is a constructive workplace behavior as it includes all positive behaviors which contribute to the organizations for improvement. However, it is non-mandated action from organizations and their demonstration depends upon the employees voluntarily.…”
Section: Organizational Citizenship Behavior-organizationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This refers to an active behaviour of employees, even at great personal cost. These is the maximum expression of organizational membership (Graham, 1991;Organ, 1988Organ, , 1990b);…”
Section: Literature Reviewmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…• Organizational loyalty: this behaviour makes the employees as organizational "groupies" who promote, protect, and defending the organization against external threats, remaining committed to it even under adverse conditions (Graham, 1989(Graham, , 1991George & Brief, 1992;George & Jones, 1997);…”
Section: Literature Reviewmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Organ (1988) and other researchers regard the extra-role behaviour that contributes to organisational effectiveness by improving individual and work group performance and organisational morale to be organisational citizenship or 'good soldier' behaviour (Organ 1988;Smith, Organ and Near 1983). The term 'good soldier' was incorporated into the concept of OCB and is regarded as transferable to organisations designed for specific purposes, such as political organisations (Graham 1991), the military from which the concept is derived, and business organisations (Borman, Motowidlo, Rose, and Hanser 1983;Coldwell and Callaghan 2014 Borman's (2004) model, consisting essentially of the two main dimensions of personal and organisational support behaviour (including conscientious initiative as it pertains to both aspects), provides the basis for the development of the quantitative and qualitative instruments used in the study. Conscientious initiative through its duality of relevance to both personal and organisational aspects of OCB can be regarded as its core underlying dimension.…”
Section: Organisational Citizenship Behaviourmentioning
confidence: 99%